Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Since the interaction of subsystems {Bi}
i
} is connected with chemical and energy
cycles, it is natural to suppose that each subsystem Bi
i
organizes the geochemical
and geophysical transformations of matter and energy in order to preserve its
stability. The formalized approach to this process rests on the supposition that in the
NSS structure an exchange takes place between subsystems Bi
i
of some amount V of
spent resources for some amount W of consumed resources ((V,W)-exchange).
Natural disasters prevent a group of subsystems Bi
i
of a certain region from
accomplishing a pro
table (V,W)-exchange during some time. In a general case,
W=W(V,B
i
,{B
k
,k
K}), where K is a multitude of the numbers of subsystems
contacting with the subsystem Bi.
i
. Denoting that Bi.
K
= {B
k
, k
∈
K}, the interaction of
the subsystem B
i
with its environment Bi
K
will result in the following (V,W)-
exchanges:
∈
W
i
;
0
¼ max
B
i
min
B
K
W
i
ð
V
i
;
B
i
;
B
K
Þ
¼W
i
ð
V
i
;
B
i
;
opt
;
B
K
;
opt
Þ;
W
K
;
0
¼ max
B
K
min
B
i
W
K
ð
V
K
;
B
i
;
B
K
Þ
¼W
K
ð
V
K
;
B
i
;
opt
;
B
K
;
opt
Þ:
Hence, when determining the levels Vi
i
and V
K
, the goal of the subsystem Bi
i
becomes slightly vague. Since there are limiting factors in nature, in this case it is
natural to assume the presence of some threshold V
i,min
, at the reaching of which the
energy resource of the subsystem stops being spent on getting an external resource.
This means that at Vi
i
≤
V
i,min
the subsystem B
i
moves on to the regime of regen-
eration of the internal resource. In other words, at Vi
i
≤
V
i,min
the biocomplexity
indicator
ʾ
ʩ
(t) decreases due to broken connections of the subsystem Bi
i
with other
subsystems. In a general case, V
min
is the structural step function, so the transition
a
ij
from the state a
ij
≠
0 to the state a
ij
= 0 does not take place for all j simulta-
neously. In other cases the interaction of subsystems {Bi}
i
} can stop depending on
various combinations of their parameters. The formalized description of possible
situations of the interaction of subsystems {Bi}
i
} can be carried out using a simu-
lation model of NSS functioning.
The study of the structure and functioning of the ocean
'
s ecosystems becomes
one of the most important and rapidly developing directions of marine biology. Its
various aspects are being developed in many countries within the International
Biological Program (IBP) (Mourant 1964). One of the goals of this study is to
obtain a possibility to forecast the system
s behavior as a result of changing some of
its parameters. However, due to uniqueness and great spatial extent of the World
Ocean
'
cult to quantitatively evaluate all the elements of the
system at different moments of its development and in different regions of the
ocean, and the more so, to assess the impact of their change on the functioning of
the system, on the whole. Therefore, the use of a model approach is one of the ways
to solve these problems.
'
is ecosystems, it is dif
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