Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
a
ij
can be interpreted as a level of interaction of elements i and j. Then, any point
ʾ
∈ ʞ
is determined as the sum
n
¼
X
k
i
X
m
n
j¼1
b
j
a
ij
i¼1
where weight coef
, n) determine the meaning
of appropriate elements from interacting systems. Nature of these elements depends
on their role within the systems.
It is clear that
cients ki
i
(i=1,
…
, m) and
ʲ
j
(j =1,
…
are geographic latitude and longitude,
respectively, t is the current time. For some territory
ʾ
=
ʾ
(
φ
,
ʻ
, t) where
φ
and
ʻ
ʩ
the indicator of biocom-
plexity is determined as an average value:
Z
n
X
ð
t
Þ
¼ 1
ð
=r
Þ
n u; k;
t
ð
Þ
d
u
d
k;
ð
4
:
51
Þ
u;ð2X
where
˃
is the area of the territory
ʩ
.
Thus, the indicator
ʾ
ʩ
(t) plays the role of the integral index of NSS complexity,
re
ecting the individuality of its structure and behaviour at each time moment t in a
space
fl
. In accordance with the laws of natural evolution, a decrease (increase) of
the parameter
ʩ
ʾ
ʩ
will follow an increase (reduction) of biodiversity and ability of
natural-anthropogenic systems to survive. Since a decrease of biodiversity breaks
the completeness of biogeochemical cycles and leads to an increase of load on
irreversible resources, the binary structure of the matrix A favors resource-depleting
technologies, and the vector of energy exchange between NSS subsystems shifts to
the state when the level of its survivability lowers.
The NSS consists of elements-subsystems Bi
i
(i =1,
, m), whose interaction is
formed in time depending on many factors. The NSS biocomplexity is the sum of
structural and dynamic complexities of its elements. In other words, the NSS
biocomplexity is formed in the process of interaction of its parts {Bi}.
i
}. In due
course, the subsystems B
i
can change their state and, consequently, the topology of
their bonds. The evolutionary mechanism for adapting the subsystems Bi
i
to the
environment suggests the hypothesis that each subsystem Bi,
i
, independent of its
structure, possesses the structure B
i,S
, behavior Bi
i,B
and goal Bi
i,G
. Thus, B
i
={B
i,S
,
B
i,B
,B
i,G
}. The goal Bi
i,G
of the subsystem Bi
i
is to achieve a certain preferable state.
The expedience of the structure B
i,S
and the purposefulness of behaviour B
i,B
of the
subsystem B
i
is estimated by the ef
…
ciency of reaching the goal Bi
i,G
.
ed by the process of migration of nekton elements. Fish
migrates towards a maximum gradient of nutritional ration with due regard to
possible limitations of the water medium parameters (temperature, salinity, oxygen
concentration, pollution, etc.). Hence, the goal B
i,G
of the elements of nekton is to
enlarge their ration, and their behaviour B
i,B
consists in calculation of the trajectory
of shifting in the process of formation of shoals, which can be presented in terms of
Bi,
S
for each kind of the nekton elements.
This can be exempli
Search WWH ::
Custom Search