Ecoinformatics Problems of the World Ocean - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 313

Fig. 4.18 The scheme of trophic loads between the elements of the upwelling ecosystem. The
letter identi ers correspond to Fig. 4.17 . The arrows indicate the values of the coef cients C ij

In this case, the Eq. ( 4.34 ) is written as:

t ¼ X
i 2x 0

X
j 2x 0 n p

2 d @

z 2 @ d =@ H Z ; i þ M Z ; i C dj R j þ k 2 @ l d d þ V z w d ð Þ@ d =@ z ;

where the coef cient of the rate of the gravitational sedimentation of detritus is

taken in the form (cm/day):

25 for z b z z l ;

w d ¼

50 for z \ z b ; z [ z l :

Figures 4.19 and 4.20 schematically represent the vertical structure of the typical
upwelling with extraction of speci

c zones:

1. The rising of nutrient elements and dissolved organic matter from deep layers.
2. Multiple use of nutrient elements within the production/destruction cycles of
ecosystem functioning in upper water layers.
3. Loss of nutrient elements due to their capture by the falling organic debris and
with migrating organisms.