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biocenoses expressed by the introduction of trophic bonds between birds and
anchovy. The trophic pressure on anchovy from other
fish is expressed by a single
connection with the component B
7
—
which is mainly Chili pelamyd (Sarda chili-
ensis), though anchovy is in the food spectrum for other animals, too.
The block-scheme of the PCEM re
ects the elements of the atmosphere-ocean
interaction reduced to a mutual exchange with oxygen, with the given rates of
invasion and evasion.
The whole system receives the solar radiation energy E whose intensity is
estimated by the formula (
4.18
)at
fl
10
−
5
. A change of the
ʱ
= 0.013,
ʴ
=
ʲ
=
ʽ
=5
×
biomass of the i-th component (i =1
7, 9) is described by the balance equation
-
similar to (
4.29
):
@
B
i
=@
t
þ
V
u
@
B
i
=@u þ
V
k
@
B
i
=@k þ
V
z
@
B
i
=@
z ¼ R
i
T
i
M
i
X
j
2C
i
2
B
i
@u
2
B
i
@k
2
B
i
@
2
2
z
2
C
ij
R
j
þ
k
2
;u
@
þ
k
2
;k
@
þ
k
2
;
z
@
m
i
@
B
i
=@
z
þ
Q
i
H
i
ð
4
:
46
Þ
where Q
i
is the characteristic of the age transitions between the stages of the
anchovy development (i Qi
i
= 0 for i =1
4, 7; R
i
is the produce, Ti
i
is
the expenditure on energy exchange; Mi
i
is an amount of the died-off biomass; Hi
i
is
the unassimilated food (cal/m
3
/day);
-
X
C
ij
¼ k
ij
B
i
=
k
jm
B
m
;
m
2
S
j
T
i
is the set of the trophic subordination of the i-th component; S
j
is the food
spectrum of the j-th component; k
ab
is the indicator of the degree of satisfaction of
the needs of
fo
od of the a-th component at the expense of the biomass of the b-th
component; B
i
¼ max 0
B
i
B
i
;
min
, B
i,min
is the minimum biomass of the i-th
component consumed by other trophic levels; k
2
=(k
2,
φ
, k
2,
ʻ
, k
2,z
) are the constit-
uents of the coef
;
cient of the turbulent diffusion (with the supposed isotropy of the
eddy diffusion in the horizontal plane k
2,
φ
= k
2,
ʻ
=
ʽ
H
);
ʽ
i
is the rate of the gravi-
tational sedimentation of inactive elements.
The rate of photosynthesis as the function of illumination, nutrient elements,
temperature, and pollutions
ʸ
is modeled by the relationship:
R
2
¼ min
fq
2
B
2
;
R
22
g;
where
Eexp 0
e
10
:
7
h
ð
1
þ
0
t
o
R
22
¼ 0
:
07B
2
1
exp
k
2
;
12
B
12
½
:
21
E
ð
=
E
max
Þ
:
02
D
Þ:
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