Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 1
Information-Modeling Technology
for the Environmental Monitoring
1.1 The Principal Conception of the Information-Modeling
Technology
The methods of the local environment diagnostics do not provide complex
assessment for an environmental element (i.e., natural objects or process states),
especially in the case when this environmental element occupies extensive space.
Any technical means for the data collection of the environment allow production of
information that is characterized as episodic in time and fragmentary in space. In
particular, the microwave remote-sensing systems that are widely used to equip the
fl
flying laboratories and the natural-resources satellites supply the data sets that are
geographically distributed. Reconstruction of the information obtained is possible
only by employing methods of spatial-temporal interpolation for the development
of which several techniques and algorithms of simulation modeling have been used
in the past (e.g., Cakaj 2010; Cracknell et al. 2009a; Krapivin and Shutko 2012).
For example, the spatial modeling has been widely used for the interpretation of the
data obtained by environmental instruments, which monitor the lithosphere, cryo-
sphere, hydrosphere, vegetation interfaces and urban environments (Kelly et al.
2005; Polishchuk and Polishchuk 2013; Soldatov 2011; Kareiva 2001; Le Corbusie
1977; Lu and Li 2003; Safai et al. 2004).
For the accomplishment of the complex task of the environmental diagnostics, it
is necessary to built up a system that incorporates such functions, as well as data
collection (by means of remote sensing and in-situ methods), their analysis and
processing. A system of this type is capable to conduct systematic observations and
assessments of the environmental state, to predetermine forecasting diagnostics of
changes of the environmental elements (due to anthropogenic impacts) and to
analyze the evolution of environmental processes, taking into account the anthro-
pogenic scenarios. One of the system functions is to provide warnings about
undesirable changes in the environment. Attainment of such functions for
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