Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
research of natural and anthropogenic extreme processes in sea aquatories and
coastal zones (earthquakes, tsunami, wild
￿
res,
fl
floods, volcano eruptions, oil
leakages, etc.); and
monitoring of the World Ocean to detect polluted zones and to assess ecosystem
state.
￿
The solution to these tasks demands the development and the application of new
information technologies. Speci
c interest is stimulated by the growing pollution of
coastal seas. An example of such a sea is Baltic Sea, where the in
fl
uence of anthro-
pogenic factors plays a signi
cant role. North-Western International Cleaner Pro-
duction and Environment Management Centre was organized in Sankt-Petersburg
(Russian Federation) to control these factors. One principal and very important
problem of Baltic Sea environment is the oil hydrocarbon pollution. In connection
with this, Ship Analytics International Company (USA) created the system
CRISIS TM oriented to the warning and the elimination of oil hydrocarbon
flood. This
system can also model the crisis situation and realize education of disaster over-
coming. The main objective of this system is realized by means of the creation of a
base station for liquidation of oil
fl
floods. This station is located in the zone of Baltic
shipyard and its function is to collect oil products and to promote them for utilization.
Ships are a basic source of Baltic Sea pollution in the Russian zone, because they
make unapproved emissions of processed waters including oil products as well as
Neva River outflow. Kondratyev et al. (2002) proposed the solution of the problems
arising here by means of the synthesis of the GIMS, which is described in Chap. 1 .
The application of the GIMS to solve the tasks mentioned above can support:
fl
training information-measuring optical and microwave system of expert level
for operative diagnostics of water quality both in situ and laboratory conditions;
￿
intellectual simulation model of regional water balance;
￿
database renewed in on-line mode including the data about pollutant sources of
given territory with characteristics of sewage (volumes, pollutant compositions,
exceeding of limits);
￿
dislocation and operational status of measuring systems controlling the water
chemistry of dangerous sites; and
￿
new architecture of antirecessionary situation-analytic centre which collects
information from measuring systems and co-ordinates the GIMS functions to
decision making in operative mode.
￿
Sea oil and gas condensation deposits are usually situated in zones of suf
ciently
intensive anthropogenic in
uences on the environment. Consequently, the task of
designing and creating the ecological monitoring system to control the sea aquatory
must consider the state of the atmospheric and water environments for the adjoining
aquatories.
For the sea aquatory of the oil deposit zone, the practical realization of the GIMS
fl
technology concept demands a thorough analysis of hydrophysical and synoptic
characteristics and the choice of technical systems to measure the environment
Search WWH ::




Custom Search