Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.22 Assessments of standard value for parameter R
0
that is used for statistical regulation
of experimental measurements (Dally et al. 1984)
n
2
3
4
5
7
10
25
50
100
300
500
R
0
1.15
1.38
1.54
1.65
1.80
1.96
3.33
2.57
2.81
3.14
3.29
soil-canopy-atmosphere. The relationship between the re
ectances at two different
wavelengths (650 and 940 nm) over this system comprising atmosphere, canopy,
and soil layers was derived. Below several algorithms are proposed.
Realization of measurements usually is connected with complex model choice
and its planning. Evaluation of initial data and coef
fl
cients for model needs the
statistical method application. Here, the task of representative sampling de
nition is
arisen. Important problem consists in the choice of criterion that gives a possibility
to form thi
s
sample. On
e
of possible criterion is based on calculation of value of
R ¼
n
i
n
=
S
n
, where
n
is the average value,
n
X
n
i¼1
n
i
n
2
1
S
2
n
¼
Formation of representative sampling is realized with the following rule: if
R
≤
R
0
then
ʾ
i
is registered and is taken into account as effective signal; if R > R
0
then
ʾ
I
is considered as noise and does not
fix into set {
ʾ
i
}. Parameter R
0
is de
ned
in Table
2.22
.
It is evident that statistical data that is used to draw conclusions and inferences
should be accurate and consistent. This is important in order to ensure the validity
of all the inferences drawn on the basis of the raw data. Statistical analysis as a
research methodology for ecological studies comes into collision with the problem
of raw data non-stationary what needs new approaches and tools for the decision
making and scienti
c conclusions.
2.12.2 Data Reconstruction Using the Harmonic Functions
The process of spreading of heat in the plane homogeneous media G with constant
thermophysical characteristics (density
ˁ
, speci
c heat C and conductivity coeffi-
-
cient K;
ˁ
, C, K = const > 0) is described by the equation:
2
t ¼ a
2
2
T
2
2
T
@
T
=@
ð@
=@u
þ @
=@k
Þ;
ð
2
:
24
Þ
where T = T(
ˆ
,
ʻ
,t) is the temperature of the media at the point with spatial coor-
G at time t; a
2
= K/C
dinates (
ˆ
,
ʻ
)
∈
ˁ
is the temperature-conductivity coef
cient of
ˆ
ʻ
G,
and
are the latitude and longitude respectively.
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