Remote-Sensing Technologies and Data Processing Algorithms - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 154

Table 2.18 The re fl ection coef cients for the microwaves under different soil moistening
Moisture content in the soil (g cm − 3 ) Thickness of the soil layer (cm)

0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0

ʻ =18cm

0.001 0.98 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97

0.02 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.95 0.97

0.05 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.95 0.96

0.1 0.82 0.84 0.89 0.95 0.96

0.2 0.73 0.76 0.85 0.94 0.95

0.3 0.65 0.69 0.83 0.94 0.93

0.4 0.59 0.64 0.82 0.94 0.93

0.5 0.53 0.59 0.82 0.92 0.92

ʻ =30cm
0.001

0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96

0.02 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.96

0.05 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.92 0.96

0.1 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.89 0.96

0.2 0.72 0.73 0.78 0.85 0.96

0.3 0.64 0.66 0.73 0.83 0.95

0.4 0.57 0.59 0.69 0.82 0.94

0.5 0.52 0.55 0.66 0.81 0.92

The re fl ection coef cient estimations for the microwave range re fl ected from this

layer are given in Table 2.18 .
Optimal choice of the electromagnetic radiation range and model synthesis based
on methodologies to measure the moisture content in the soil demands further
investigation of the conditions that in fl uence emission fields in the atmosphere-soil-

vegetation system (Grankov and Mil shin 1994; Engman and Chauhan 1995).

These investigations are to be correlated with application of remote sensing to
agricultural crop forecasting and in selected water resources management.
Figure 2.14 presents the sample of microwave radiometers application and the
use of spatial interpolation methods to solve the task of agriculture

'

fields moni-
toring providing the soil moisture mapping. This can be done radiometers with 18
and 27 cm wavelengths located on a

flying laboratory. The experiments of such
type are realized in the climatic conditions of Moldavia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Cuba,
Vietnam, Russia, and USA (Shutko et al. 2010; Krapivin and Shutko 2012). These
experiments showned GIMS technology allows speci

fl

c geophysical conditions to
have practically valid results from monitoring. To reconstruct the spatial distribu-
tion of soil moisture with precision of 20 %, the

fl flying laboratory in most cases

needs to 200 m with a distance between them of no

more than 500 m. The interval between measurements, when the precision of
forecast for synoptical parameters is 10 % and for precipitation is 15 %, can be
monthly if the precision of soil moisture estimation is planned to be less that 50 %.

fl fly parallel routes at height H ≈