Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.5 Scanning radiometer Radius characteristics
Frequency
(GHz)
Wavelength
(cm)
Band
Pixels/
scan
Resolution
(H)
Mode
37
0.8
Ka
32
0.04
Scanning
15.2
2
X
16
0.08
Scanning
5.5
5.5
C
6
0.13
Scanning
1.4
21
L
2
0.5
Scanning
0.7
43
S
1
Non scanning
-
Power consumption is 200
300 W, power supply is 27 VDC; weight is 100
120 kg
-
-
H is height above ground
Table 2.6 The IMARC SAR
complex parameters
Parameter
Value
Frequency
X
L
P
VHF
Wavelength (cm)
3.9
23
68
254
Polarization
VV, HH, VH, HV
Resolution (m)
4 - 6 - 10
10 - 15
15 - 20
Antennas: gain (dB)
30
14 - 17
14 - 17
9 - 11
Width in azimuth (
°
)
18
24
24
40
Width in elevation (
°
)
24
24
24
60
Multi-frequency polarimetric SAR gives new possibilities for operative remote
sensing of sea, soil, vegetation, ice cover and other Earth surfaces. The algorithms
used for deep-layer remote sensing, which is undertaken layer-by-layer, make it
possible to solve a narrow set of environmental problems.
The larger the wavelength, the higher the in
this
fact allows the development of methods of thick-layer deep sensing using multi-
frequency radar systems. For subsurface sensing the use of long waves of P and
VHF bands is required.
Information about soil properties (soil moisture) pro
fl
uence of deeper soil layers
les can be received from
the analysis of measurements of scattering at different wavelengths. To calculate the
in
fl
uence of soil moisture pro
le into backscattering cross section it is necessary to
develop the models of re
ection from the layers situated at different depth. Solution
of the inverse problem can be obtained by setting the measurement of backscatter at
several wavelengths and at different polarization modes. For complete information
about soil moisture pro
fl
le it is necessary to solve the problem of images inter-
pretation in broad band of wavelengths including meter band where attenuation in
soil and vegetation is comparably low.
The results of multi-band radar survey obtained with the help of 4-bands air-
borne SAR IMARC (Radioengineering Corporation Vega) illustrate the possibility
of measuring of hydrological soil regimes and water lenses allocation in Kara-Kum
desert. Lenses of underground water at the depth of 50
70 m were detected. Results
were validated by control well-boring. We can see at radar images:
-
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