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destroyed in 1990 when USSR was breaked. However,
this experience was
developed in Russia (Krapivin and Shutko 2012).
One of effective multi-frequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar system
was created in the 90s by the Russian Corporation Vega for surface and subsurface
sensing. It is airborne IMARC SAR system. This Corporation created radiometer
system Radius operating at the wavelengths of 0.8, 2, 5.5, 21 and 43 cm (Fig. 2.6 ,
Table 2.5 ). Main features of the IMARC SAR complex are given in Table 2.6 .
The IMARC is a four-wavelength polarimetric airborne SAR system designed at
Radioengineering Corporation Vega (Kutuza et al. 2000). Radar system operates at
wavelengths: X (3.9 cm), L (23 cm), P (68 cm), and VHF (2.54 m); polarizations in
all bands: VV, HH, VH, and HV; spatial resolution is around 12
8 m; maximum
swath is 24 km. The carrier of this system was a twin-turbine jet airplane TU-134A
and other planes. The main IMARC SAR mission goals were to map the charac-
teristics of Earth covers (including soil hydrological regimes), to map the ground
terrain in a presence of vegetation with eliminating of the in
±
uence of vegetation
and, to produce elevation models, to detect areas with on-ground and underground
irregularities, etc. (Shutko et al. 2010; Krapivin and Shutko 2012).
Airborne SAR system IMARC can use for solution the following tasks:
fl
surface sensing of ocean, ice and vegetation;
subsurface sensing of scattering objects and deep layers.
Fig. 2.6 General view of the scanning SHF
radiometric system
Radius
(2 and 5 cm) (Shutko
et al. 2006a, 2007, 2010; Krapivin and Shutko 2012; Verba et al. 2014)
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