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In-Depth Information
Table 1.16 Characteristics of land and hydrospheric
fl
fluxes of sulphur in the structure of Fig.
1.44
Sulfur
fl
ux
Land
Hydrosphere
Identifier
Estimate
Identifier
Estimate
Volcanic invasions
H
2
S
C
1
0.018
H
3
0.0068
SO
2
C
5
0.036
H
5
0.0073
SO
4
2
C
20
0.035
H
9
0.0074
Anthropogenic emissions
H
2
S
C
2
0.072
H
1
0.00076
SO
2
C
6
0.92
H
6
0.038
SO
4
2
C
10
0.47
Oxidation of H
2
StoSO
2
C
4
1.13
H
2
0.3
Oxidation of SO
2
to SO
4
2
C
9
1.35
H
8
0.16
Dry sedimentation of SO
4
2
C
12
0.37
H
11
0.11
Fall-out of SO
4
2
with rain
C
11
1.26
H
10
0.38
Biological decomposition and emission of
H
2
S to the atmosphere
C
3
1.03
H
4
0.31
Assimilation of SO
4
2
by biota
C
15
0.41
H
13
1.09
Biological decomposition and formation of
SO
4
2
C
16
1.13
H
17
0.43
H
23
0.12
Sedimentation and deposits
C
18
0.22
H
15
0.98
C
19
0.11
H
16
0.55
H
19
0.0076
H
25
0.036
Wind-driven return to the atmosphere
C
13
0.25
H
12
0.33
Replenishing sulphur supplies due to dead
biomass
C
17
0.86
H
14
1.1
Assimilation of atmospheric SO
2
C
7
0.46
H
7
0.18
Washing-out of SO
2
from the atmosphere
C
8
0.27
H
24
0.061
River run-off of SO
4
2
−
to the ocean
C
14
1.17
Transition of gas-phase H
2
SO
4
to H
2
S
C
21
0.018
H
26
0.0076
Assimilation of the washed-out part of
atmospheric SO
2
by biota
C
22
0.036
H
27
0.015
Oxidation of H
2
StoSO
2
in water medium
H
18
0.045
H
22
0.19
Advection of SO
2
H
20
0.38
Advection of H
2
S
H
21
0.37
uxes (mg/m
2
day) are obtained by averaging over the respective
Numerical estimates of
fl
territories
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