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cannot substitute for the chemico-biological balance. Therefore in this multi-
functional hierarchical set of global
fluxes of nitrogen, the most vulnerable knots
and bonds should be revealed, which is only possible within a well-planned
numerical experiment.
Preliminary estimates of an increasing anthropogenic pressure on the nitrogen
fl
fl
fluxes between the biospheric elements suggest a hypothesis about a strong cor-
relation existing between the fertilizers production H
9
and population density G,
anthropogenic accumulation of nitrogen at fuel burning H
2
and mineral resources
expenditure R
MG
, anthropogenic input of nitrogen into the atmosphere H
19
, and
intensity of emissions of general pollutions Z
VG
. The quantitative characteristics of
the factors of these dependences can be obtained from the known trends. From
some estimates, an amount of nitrogen oxides emitted into the atmosphere is pro-
portional to the weight of the used fuel with a 4 % annual increasing trend. The
scales of the industrial
fixation of nitrogen for the last 40 years increased by a factor
of 5, reaching a value that could have been
xed by every ecosystem on the Earth
before the use of the present agricultural technology. In 1968 the global industry
gave about 30
10
6
tof
×
fixed nitrogen and in 2000 this value reached 1 billion.
Formalize these correlations as the following models:
H
9
¼ min U
ð
K
Þ
G
ð
K
H
2
¼
k
AG
R
MG
;
H
19
¼
k
GA
Z
VG
f
;
t
Þ;
N
A
r
K
=r
g;
where K is the number of an economic region, G is the average population density
of the K region,
ʻ
GA
are
determined from analysis of available information about the processes in (
4.27
). If we
assume that H
2
¼ 0
˃
K
is the area of the K region. The coef
cients U,
ʻ
AG
, and
154 t km
2
year
1
102 t km
2
year
1
H
19
¼ 0
and H
9
¼
:
;
:
G ¼ 24
283 t km
2
year
1
,
4 men km
2
5 oil units km
−
2
0
:
then at
:
;
R
MG
¼ 30
:
year
−
1
, and Z
VG
= 3.39 t km
−
2
year
−
1
, we obtain U = 0.283,
10
−
2
, and
ʻ
AG
= 0.504
×
ʻ
GA
= 0.03.
1.7.4 Oxygen and Ozone Cycles Modeling
If we denote by R
ʦ
(
ˆ
,
ʻ
, t) and R
ʺ
(
ˆ
,
ʻ
, t) the produce of phytoplankton
ʦ
and land
surface of the
ʺ
type at the Earth surface point (
ˆ
,
ʻ
) at a time moment t, then the
oxygen
fluxes to the hydrosphere and from land to the atmosphere can be described
by relationships:
fl
H
1
¼ a
U
R
U
H
2
¼ a
j
R
j
H
21
¼ a
S
R
U
where the coef
cients a
ʦ
, a
ʺ
, and a
S
depend on phytoplankton species and the type
of vegetation. For
uxes: H
1
¼
140 t O
2
km
2
year
1
, H
2
¼ 70 t O
2
km
2
year
1
, H
2
¼ 600 t O
2
km
2
year
1
,
R
ʦ
= 401.3 t km
−
2
year
−
1
, R
ʺ
= 102.4 t km
−
2
year
−
1
. Then a
ʦ
= 0.35, a
ʺ
= 0.68,
their averaging we use the data on the
fl
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