Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.12 Estimates of the reservoirs and fluxes of oxygen and ozone in the MGBO unit used in
its adjustment (Krapivin and Varotsos 2008)
Reservoirs (t/km
2
),
t km
2
year
1
Identi
er
Estimate
fl
uxes
0.8
×
10
8
Oxygen in the upper photic layer of the World Ocean
O
U
10
9
Oxygen in the transition layer of the ocean
O
P
0.7
×
10
4
Oxygen in deep ocean
O
3
×
9
×
10
3
Oxygen in the bottom layer of the ocean
O
F
0.24
×
10
7
Oxygen in the atmosphere
O
A
10
8
Oxygen in the surface part of the hydrosphere
O
S
0.6
×
Ozone
O
3
0.23
Photosynthesis in the ocean
H
1
108
-
388
Photosynthesis on land
H
2
70
100
-
Photodecomposition of water in the atmosphere
H
3
0.008
Oxidation processes in the atmosphere
H
4
0.009
H
5
Respiration of plants
0.07
-
0.1
Respiration of animals
H
6
50
60
-
Respiration of humans
H
7
70
80
-
Oxidation-restoration processes in soil
H
8
1
Oxidation processes in the World Ocean
H
9
164
Descending of the oxygen-saturated waters
H
10
190
Decomposition and destruction of O
2
in the atmosphere
H
11
0.76
1.32
-
Formation of O
3
from NO
2
H
12
0.23
-
22.2
Lifting of dissolved oxygen in the upwelling zones
H
13
36
Decomposition and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere
H
14
1.48
1.66
-
Exchange on the border atmosphere-ocean
H
15
18
140
-
Exchange on the border atmosphere-inland water bodies
H
16
18
-
140
Transport of oxygen into the ocean by the river run-off
H
17
50
Anthropogenic consumption of oxygen
H
18
60
90
-
Expenditures of O
2
on metabolism of aquatic animals
H
19
0.2
H
20
90
-
200
Oxidation processes in the continental water bodies
Photosynthesis in the continental water bodies
H
21
100
-
400
The anthropogenic input of methane is expected to grow within the next
20
30 years, though in some developed regions, measures are taken to reduce the
anthropogenic emissions of methane into the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the con-
centration of methane in the present atmosphere increases 7 times faster than the
growth of CO
2
concentration, so that its amount increases annually by 2 %, that is,
by the year 2020 the amount of methane in the atmosphere can double compared to
2000, which,
-
from numerous estimates, will
lead to a global warming by
°
0.2
C. Like in the case of CO
2
, these estimates will remain rather doubtful and
contradictory until the global model mentioned above is synthesized. However,
-
0.4
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