Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.11 Characteristics of reservoirs and
fl
fluxes of nitrogen in the biosphere (Fig.
1.35
)
Reservoirs (Gt) and
uxes (10
6
fl
t/year)
Identi
er
Estimate
Nitrogen supplies
Atmosphere
10
5
N
A
39
×
Soil
N
S
280
Photic and intermediate layer of the ocean
N
U
+N
P
2,800
Deep and bottom layer of the ocean
N
L
+N
F
36,400
Natural sources of the hydrosphere
H
1
0.392
Technogenic accumulation
Fuel burning
H
2
22.8
Fertilizers production
H
2
41.8
Input due to dead organisms
On land
H
3
42.2
In upper layers of the World Ocean
H
18
5
In deep layers of the World Ocean
H
12
7.8
Input due to organisms functioning
On land
H
5
0.1
In the World Ocean
H
4
0.3
Biological fixation
On land
H
6
20.3
H
17
In the World Ocean
10
H
10
In the atmosphere
40
Denitri
cation
On land
H
7
52
In the World Ocean
H
20
49.8
Atmospheric fixation
Over land
H
8
4
Over the World Ocean
H
16
3.6
Run-off from land into the World Ocean
H
11
38.6
Precipitation
H
13
0.5
Vertical exchange processes in the oceans
Descending
H
14
0.2
H
15
Lifting
7.5
Anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere
H
19
15
Removal of nitrogen from the cycle due to sedimentation
H
21
0.2
Input of nitrogen to the atmosphere during rocks weathering
H
22
0.217
Input of nitrogen to the water medium with dissolving sediments
H
23
0.091
10
18
mol O
2
reside in the atmosphere, the oceans and the long-lived biota
contain 219
37
×
10
15
and 180
10
15
mol O
2
, respectively. The periods of complete
×
×
10
6
years for the atmosphere to 22 days for the
cycle of oxygen vary from 3
×
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