Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
differences and issues noted above. For example, a review of
German Geographical
Research 1996-1999
edited by the Committee of the Federal Republic of Germany for
the IGU (2000) reveals that tourism is now a major subject for publication. A review of
German geographical research in East and South-East Asia also reveals a substantial
growth in research on tourism in the region (Kraas and Taubmann 2000). Kreisel (2004)
provides an excellent review of the geography of tourism and leisure in the
Germanspeaking world and highlights particular themes and issues including the focus of
the so-called Munich School on leisure behaviour.
The excellent review of Spanish tourism geography by Rubio (1998-9) also reveals
the very significant expansion in publications on the geography of Spanish tourism,
particularly in terms of rural areas, which has gone hand-in-hand with the growth of
international visitor arrivals. Similarly, Wayens and Grimmeau (2003) also reported a
substantial growth in Belgian geographic research on tourism.
French geography also has a strong tradition of research on tourism and recreation
(Iazzarotti 2002) that was, arguably, much further advanced in the 1960s and 1970s in
terms of both theoretical development and extent of publication than the Anglo-American
tradition. One reason for this advanced interest possibly lay in the long
recognition of tourism as a factor in the economic development of French alpine regions
and its impact on the cultural and physical landscape (e.g. Knafou 1978). In addition, the
growth of tourism on the Mediterranean coast provided a basis for research on coastal
resort development (e.g. Burnet 1963; Barbaza 1966) while the significance of second
homes for tourism and leisure also has a strong research tradition. More recently, French
geographers have written substantive works regarding the impacts of tourism (e.g.
Michaud 1983, 1992; Escourrou 1993; Debarbieux 1995), urban tourism (e.g. Iazzarotti
1995; Potier and Cazes 1996, 1998), as well as the social construction of tourism (e.g.
Boyer 1996; Deprest 1997). In a review of the geography of tourism and leisure in
France, Knafou (2000) notes the diversity of approaches and topics that exist. Indeed, an
examination of several French texts and readings (e.g. Lozato 1985; Clary 1993;
Dewailly and Flament 1993; Deprest 1997; Baron-Yelles 1999) suggests that, as in
Anglo-American human geography, traditional spatial approaches to studying tourism
geography are increasingly under challenge from perspectives strongly influenced by
postmodernism (Knafou et al. 1997).
Dutch and Nordic geographies have been much more influenced by Anglo-American
tourism and recreation geography than their French and German counterparts to a great
extent because of the role of English as a second language and the publication of much of
their research in English. Coastal tourism, rural tourism and regional development are
particularly strong themes in Dutch tourism geography (Ashworth and Dietvorst 1995;
Dietz and Kwaad 2000), while the work of Greg Ashworth has had a major influence on
the fields of urban and heritage tourism (see e.g. Ashworth 1989, 1999; Ashworth and
Tunbridge 1996; Ashworth and Ennen 1998) (see also Chapter 5). Nordic tourism and
recreation geography has had considerable influence in the areas of tourism in peripheral
regions and second home development (e.g. Finnveden 1960; Aldskogius 1968; Jaakson
1986; Halseth and Rosenberg 1995; Kaltenborn 1997a, 1997b, 1998; Müller 1999;
Aronsson 2000; Saarinen 2001, 2003; Hall and Müller 2004; Saarinen and Hall 2004;
Hall and Boyd 2005) global environmental change and contemporary mobility (Gössling
