Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
• holistic planning
in and between the
public
• raising
community
constituted
• preservation of
essential
and private sectors awareness
• environmental
perception
ecological processes
• co-operative and
• stakeholder input • business ecology
• protection of human
heritage
integrated control • policy analysis
• learning
organisations
and biodiversity
systems
• evaluative
research
• intergenerational and
• understanding the • political
economy
intra-generational
equity
political
dimensions of
• aspirations
analysis
• achievement of a
better
tourism
• stakeholder audit
balance of fairness and • planning for
tourism that
• environmental
analysis
opportunity between
meets local needs
and
and audit
nations
trades successfully
in a
• interpretation
• planning and policy as
argument
competitive
marketplace
• planning as process
• planning and
implementation as two
sides of the same coin
• recognition of political
dimension of tourism
Sources: after Getz (1987); Hall et al. (1997); Hall (1999)
economic impacts of tourism and its most efficient use to create income and employment
benefits for regions or communities.
One of the main areas to which geographers have contributed is the physical/spatial
approach under which tourism is regarded as having an ecological base with a resultant
need for development to be based upon certain spatial patterns, capacities or thresholds
that would minimise the negative impacts of tourism on the physical environment (Getz
1983, 1987). Indeed, much of the concern with the physical and behavioural carrying
capacities of specific locations discussed in Chapter 8 falls into this particular approach.
Research by Page and Thorn (1997) in New Zealand reviewed the impact of a market-led
approach to tourism planning at the national level where a lack of rational national policy
or planning advice has significant implications for local areas which are required to deal
with the micro scale issues. The ability to incorporate sustainable planning principles and
to manage visitors was also a notable problem for many public sector planning agencies
highlighted by Page and Thorn (1997). A more preferable focus for local areas is the
contribution which a community approach can make (Timothy 2002).
