Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
with land use and planning measures has been well documented in Inskeep (1994) and
D.G. Pearce (1989, 1995b) with specific examples of planning measures implemented in
resort development documented by Meyer-Arendt (1990) and P.P.Wong (1986, 1990). In
a detailed study by Penning-Rowsell et al. (1992), the economic cost of coastal protection
schemes for recreation and
Plate 8.3: Sidmouth, England. Beach
erosion protection.
other purposes and various valuation techniques were reviewed.
A synthesis of coastal recreation management was produced by Goodhead and
Johnson (1996) where the planning issues affecting recreation and tourism activity in the
marine environment were reviewed in a UK context. One approach developed to
approach the management of coastal areas is integrated coastal zone management
(ICZM) (Johnson 2002).
INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
As the DoE (1996) explained, ICZM is 'the process which brings together all those
involved in the development, management and use of the coast within a framework which
facilitates the integration of their interests and responsibilities to achieve common
objectives', a feature reiterated by the European Commission (1997). This reflects the
increased demands placed on coastal resources for recreation and tourism use. ICZM is
underpinned by the need for beach management, where a well-planned beach layout with
effective spatial zoning and development can accommodate increased opportunities for
recreation (see Micallel and Williams 2002). This can also lead to reduced maintenance
costs, more clearly articulated strategies for coastal defence and conservation and
improved bathing water quality.
In a more strategic context, ICZM is based upon the need to integrate environmental
considerations with coastal tourism policies and plans. This can assist in integrating key
decisions on the carrying capacity of specific beach sites, the necessary management
plans for specific sites and zones as a means of integrating a diverse range of planning
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