Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1:
Categorisations of main approaches to
the geography of tourism and recreation
D.G.Pearce(1979)
R.V.Smith and
Mitchell (1990)
Mitchell and
Murphy (1991)
Pearce (1995a) Hall and Lew
(1998)
Spatial patterns of
supply considerations
Spatial patterns
Environmental
considerations
Tourism models Environmental
considerations
Spatial patterns of
demand
Tourism in
developing
countries
Regional
considerations
Demand for
tourist travel
Regional
considerations
Geography of resorts
Evolution of
tourism
Spatial
considerations
International
tourism patterns
Spatial
considerations
Tourist movements and
flows
Impacts of tourism Evolutionary
considerations
Intra-national
travel patterns
Evolutionary
considerations
Impact of tourism
Tourism research
methods
Domestic tourist
flows
Tourism planning
Models of tourist space Planning and
development
Spatial variations
in tourism
Urban tourism
Coastal tourism
National and
regional
structures of
tourism
Modernisation and
development
Tourism
accommodation
Resort cycles
Spatial structure
of tourism on
islands
Gender and identity
Tourism concepts
Coastal resorts
Place marketing
and promotion
Tourism
destinations
Urban areas
Globalisation and
economic and
cultural change
Sustainable
development
Following on from these trends, Johnston (1991:38) argued that 'some of these trends
represent philosophies, some methodologies, and some ideologies with regard to the
purpose of academic geography'. However, Johnston regarded three particular paradigms
as being especially important in the development of human geography: exploration,
environmental determinism and possibilism, and the region.
Exploration
Exploration refers to the situation where unknown areas of the world (to those who live
outside of them) are explored to collect and classify information. Many of these activities
were financed by geographical societies as well as by philanthropists. The Royal
