Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Psychological
• increased local pride and
community spirit
• tendency toward defensive attitudes
concerning host regions
• increased awareness of
non-local perceptions
• high possibility of misunderstandings
leading to varying degrees of
host/visitor hostility
Political/administrative
• enhanced international
recognition of region and
values
• economic exploitation of local
population to satisfy ambitions of
political elite
• development of skills
among planners
• distortion of true nature of event to
reflect values of political system
• failure to cope
• inability to achieve aims
• increase in administrative costs
• use of tourism to legitimise unpopular
decisions
• legitimation of ideology of local elite
Environmental impacts
Physical/environmental
• development of new
facilities
• environmental damage
• improvement of local
• changes in natural processes
infrastructure
• architectural pollution
• conservation of heritage
• destruction of heritage
• visitor management
strategies
• overcrowding
• changed feeding and breeding habits of
wildlife
Sources: after Getz (1977); Mathieson and Wall (1982); Ritchie (1984); Hall (1992b)
recreational activities make use of resources that are solely recreational. Indeed,
recreation is often juxtaposed in relation to forestry, agriculture, water supply,
conservation and a host of competing activities that each make use of socially constructed
leisure spaces. Consequently, the issue of multiple use of resources (as discussed in
Chapter 3) is an underlying principle which recreation resource management seeks to
accommodate.
Glyptis (1989a) examined the contemporary context of recreation resource
management, observing that four major influences could be discerned:
• the belief that recreation is the right of every citizen
• social change, particularly an ageing population and the changing demand for specific
forms of recreation
• changing economic and political doctrines which have seen debates associated with the
demise of post-war notions of full employment and leisure as non-work or of less
significance than work
• strategic planning by public sector recreation agencies in relation to the previous three
influences.
Within a UK context, the added changes in the 1980s under the Thatcher government saw
the privatisation of many forms of recreation and leisure provision, a theme discussed
later in Chapter 5 in terms of urban parks. What was critical here was the changing public
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