Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8-2. Nanoindentation elastic modulus and hardness values of enamel.
Surface and
Site
Hardness
(GPa)
Elastic
Modulus (GPa)
Author(s)
Test Load
Willems
et al
.
31
top surface
10 mN
3.39±0.18
90.59±16.13
cross section:
outer enamel
DEJ
2.7-6.4
>6
<3
47-120
>115
<70
Depth control
(400 and 800 nm)
Cuy
et al
.
29
Depth control
(100-2000 nm)
Zhou
et al
.
32
104-70
*
top surface
5.7-3.6
102.5-53.45
*
82.7-40.3
*
top surface
cross section
4.9±0.5
4.5±0.4
He
et al
.
33
1-450 mN
top surface:
rod
interrod
1 mN
0.3 mN
4.3±0.8
1.1±0.3
83.4±7.1
39.5±4.1
Ge
et al
.
6
cross section
(primary molar)
Mahoney
et al
.
34
50 and 150 mN
4.9±0.4
80.4±7.7
cross section
(DEJ area)
Marshall
et al
.
35
Up to 14 mN
3.51±0.13
63.55±1.46
cross section:
buccal side
cusp tip
4.74±0.2
4.45±0.3
90.79±2.2
83.83±6.3
Poolthong
36
50 and 150 mN
top surface
cross section
4.78±0.36
4.53±0.26
98.3±5.9
95.6±4.9
Fong
et al
.
37
0.3-2.5 mN
top surface
cross section
head of rod
tail of rod
interrod
3.8±0.31
3.3±0.35
4.3±0.4
3.7±0.4
3.9±0.4
87.5±2.1
72.7±4.4
88.0±8.6
80.3±7.2
86.4±11.7
Habelitz
et al
.
30
1.5 mN
3.2±0.4 -
3.7±0.5
Habelitz
et al
.
38
cross section
0.75 and 1.5 mN
74±4 - 80±9.1
99
.
6±1
.
8
101
.
9±1
.
6
105
.
2±1
.
3
*
In these test, authors reported a depth/contact area dependent effect of elastic modulus
of enamel, namely the higher the penetration depth/contact area, the lower the elastic
modulus.
3 mN
5 mN
7 mN
4
.
81±0
.
15
4
.
77±0
.
13
4
.
75±0
.
12
Barbour
et al
.
39
top surface
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