Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 4-13. The variations in the apparent force exerted by a surface on a probe as a
function of the actuator-imposed position of the probe relative to the surface. The probe
springs are sub-critical, leading to hysteresis loops in the contact cycle that are bounded
by “snap-on” and “pull-off ” instabilities on approach and retraction, respectively. The
hysteresis loops are larger and occur further from the surface as the probe spring stiffness
is decreased (Upper to Lower). Values are normalized using the characteristic values
( Eqs. 4-22 and 4-25 ) .
 
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