Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
namely US, Japan, Germany, UK and France. These firm con-
centration patterns are therefore even more skewed than for FDI
flows in general. This is reflected in the fact that, in 2001, the top
100 non-financial MNEs were all from developed economies,
including Hong Kong, Singapore and Korea. In 2009, only four
out of the world's top 100 non-financial MNEs were from devel-
oping economies (two from China, one from Malaysia and one
from Mexico), and these countries counted none of the world's
top 50 financial MNEs (UNCTAD 2010). Tables 1.3 and 1.5
report the top-20 non-financial and financial MNEs ranked in
terms of the geographical spread of their foreign affiliates. As
we can see, only one multinational corporation from a devel-
oping economy, namely Mexico, appears among the top-20
non-financial MNEs. On average, we see from Table 1.4, the
top non-financial MNEs from developing countries are still domi-
nated by those from the highly advanced economy of Hong Kong
in China, and even these are far smaller and far less internation-
alized in general than those from developed countries (UNCTAD
2010).
Table 1.3
The world's top 20 non-financial TNCs, ranked by
Transnationality Index, 2008
a
Ranking
by:
Corporation
Home
economy
Industry
c
TNI
b
(per
cent)
Foreign
assets
TNI
b
37
1
Xstrata PLC
United
Kingdom
Mining & quarrying
93.2
87
2
ABB Ltd.
Switzerland
Engineering services
90.4
40
3
Nokia
Finland
Electrical &
electronic equipment
90.3
66
4
Pernod
Ricard SA
France
Food, beverages
and tobacco
89.1
67
5
WPP Group
Plc
United
Kingdom
Business services
88.9
3
6
Vodafone
Group Plc
United
Kingdom
Telecommunications
88.6
72
7
Linde AG
Germany
Chemicals
88.3
13
8
Anheuser-
Busch Inbev
SA
Netherlands
Food, beverages
and tobacco
87.9
