Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Proterozoic sediments (Ambrose, 1964) is reported from north Greenland (Cowie, 1960, Fig. 4.18b).
Similar surfaces of low relief preserved in crystalline terrain, but resurrected from beneath Pro-
terozoic and earlier Palaeozoic cover, occur in several parts of the Canadian Arctic.
4.7
SUMMARY
Plains are widely developed in granitic rocks. Fringing the uplands, pediments are well repre-
sented, but they do not extend more than a few kilometres from the higher ground. The extensive
plains are either broadly rolling or of extraordinary flatness. Some of these planation surfaces are
epigene in origin but the very flat ones may be of etch type, and result from long periods of sub-
surface weathering. They are integral components of inselberg landscapes.
REFERENCES
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Blackwelder, E. 1931. Desert plains. Journal of Geology 39: 133-140.
Bourne, J.A., Twidale, C.R. and Smith, D.M. 1974. The Corrobinnie Depression, Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 98: 139-152.
Bryan, K. 1922. Erosion and sedimentation in the Papago Country, Arizona. United States Geological Survey
Bulletin 730: 19-90.
Bryan, K. 1936. The formation of pediments. 16th International Geological Congress (1933) 2: 765-775.
Cowie, J.W. 1960. Contributions to the geology of north Greenland. Meddelelser om Gronland 164.
Davis, S.N. 1963. Silica in streams and groundwater. American Journal of Science 262: 870-891.
Davis, W.M. 1899. The geographical cycle. Geographical Journal 14: 481-504.
Davis, W.M. 1909. Geographical Essays. Dover, Boston.
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King, L.C. 1942. South African Scenery. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
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Livingstone, D.A. 1963. Chemical composition of rivers and lakes. United States Geological Survey
Professional Paper 440-G.
Mabbutt, J.A. 1966. Mantle-controlled planation of pediments. American Journal of Science 264: 78-91.
Mabbutt, J.A. 1978. Lessons from pediments. In Davies J.L. and Williams M.A.J. (Eds), Landform Evolution
in Australasia. Australian National University Press, Canberra. pp. 331-347.
Mackin, J.H. 1937. Erosional history of the Big Horn Basin, Wyoming. Geological Society of America
Bulletin 48, 815-860.
Mackin, J.H. 1970. Origin of pediments in the western United States. In Pesci M. (Ed.), Problems of Relief
Planation. Akadémiai Kiado, Budapest. pp. 85-105
Mayer, R.E. 1995. L'origine de l'étagement de surfaces étagés abordée par la carte topographiques et des
images LANDSAT: cas du socle précambrien du Cameroun septentrional. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie
39: 293-311.
McGee, W.J. 1897. Sheetflood erosion. Geological Society of America Bulletin 8: 87-112.
Passarge, S. 1904. Rumpfläche und Inselberge. Zeitschrift Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft 56: 195-203.
Peel, R.F. 1941. Denudation landforms of the central Libyan Desert. Journal of Geomorphology 4: 3-23.
Pugh, J. 1956. Fringing pediments and marginal depressions in the inselberg landscape of Nigeria.
Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers 22: 15-31.
Ruxton, B.P. 1958. Weathering and subsurface erosion in granite at the piedmont angle, Balos, Sudan.
Geological Magazine 45: 353-377.
Sharp, R.P. 1940. Ep-Archaean and Ep-Algonkian erosion surfaces, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Bulletin of the
Geological Society of America 51: 1235-1270.
Toit, A.L. du, 1937. Geology of South Africa. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Trendall, A.F. 1962. The formation of apparent peneplains by a process of combined lateritisation and surface
wash. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 6: 183-197.
Twidale, C.R. 1981. Origins and environments of pediments. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia
28: 423-434.
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