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A Continuous Benchmark Functions
A.1 Unimodal Numerical Functions
Sphere Model
Minimize
N
IR
N
x
i
f
(
x
)=
with
x
∈
(A.1)
i
=1
with properties:
•
unimodal, separable
•
scalable
100
,
100]
N
,
•
x
∈
[
−
minimum
x
∗
=(0
,...,
0)
T
,
with
f
(
x
∗
)=0
.
0.5
0.4
0.3
100
80
0.2
60
0.1
40
0
20
0
1
10
-10
0.5
5
-5
-1
0
0
-0.5
0
0
-0.5
-5
5
0.5
-1
1
Fig. A.1.
Left: plot of the sphere function. Right: Plot of the double sum function
(Schwefel's problem 1.2, [135])
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