Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 20.3
(continued)
Phases of cognitive
presence
Indicators
Examples (drawn from the Debate forum)
Phase IV: Integration
Tentative
A. Convergence (reference to message followed by
substantiated)
B. Convergence (justified, defensible, yet tentative
hypotheses)
C. Connecting ideas (integrating information from
various sources)
D. Creating solutions (explicit solution by participant)
E. Reason analysis
F. Make sense
G. Reflection
H. Commitment
I. Implications considered
J. Problem conception
K. Problem resolution
I too have been a big business corporate trainer for an
international accounting firm and from that perspective
my experience was that employees who could, or at least
demonstrated that they could, think outside the box were
the minority. Whether that is the fault of our education
system or just the nature of people in general, I'm not
sure. Whether profit goes up and expenses go down when
we think outside the box is debatable. I think it depends
on how that thinking is valued. It has been my experience
that not all managers want employees who challenge the
status quo because the managers themselves don't think
outside the box.
 
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