Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
learning
strategies
self
efficacy
Gender
OTL
-.12/ns
performance
approach
academic
achievement
SES
worry
.25/.17
maladaptive
help-seeking
performance
avoidance
prior knowledge
mastery
goal
Fig. 7.3
Multiple-group (White/Latino) estimation of cognitive and motivational factors of
academic achievement (White
=
1,156, Latino
=
1,125)
(
0.01,
p<
0.001). Figure 7.3
shows different effects for White and Latino students for our theoretical model.
2
Latino students had a positive effect of OTL on self-efficacy (
β
=−
0.04,
p<
0.001) than for White students (
β
=−
0.09,
p<
0.001) but White students showed no effect of OTL. Prior knowledge had a
negative effect on mastery goal orientation but had a stronger relation for Latino
students (
β
=
0.49 for Latino,
p<
0.001). Prior knowl-
edge was also one of the strong predictor of academic achievement (
β
=−
0.08 for White and
β
=−
β
=
1.02 for
White and
0.99 for Latino,
p<
0.001). Interestingly, it revealed that there was
a weaker effect of prior knowledge on performance avoidance for Latino students
(
β
=
0.25,
p<
0.001). Performance
approach goal orientation showed a different pattern of relationship between groups.
It had a negative impact on GPA for White students (
β
=
0.17,
p<
0.001) than for White students (
β
=
β
=−
0.12,
p<
0.001) but no
effect for Latinos.
The effects of adaptive/maladaptive learning strategies also showed some inter-
esting differences in White and Latino groups. First, while both groups had positive
relations of learning strategies to GPA, the latent factor had a greater impact on
GPA among White (
β
=
β
=
0.21,
p<
0.001) stu-
dents. Second, maladaptive help-seeking had negative effects for both White and
Latino groups, but the relation was stronger for White (
0.55,
p<
0.001) than Latino (
β
=−
0.46,
p<
0.001) than
2
All of the unconstrained model results in this section produced good fit indices (CFI and TLIs
=
0.90-0.91 and RMSEAs < 0.04). All of the chi-square difference tests reported in this section
showed significant model improvement, indicated by significant chi-square decrease.
