Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 16
Recent Advances and Future Directions
of Research
Abstract Some recent advances made in the methods of systematic synthesis of
circuits using CCs, hardware implementation of CCs, development of field pro-
grammable analog arrays using CCs and the applications of CCs in digital logic
circuits have been pointed out and future directions of research on Current Con-
veyors have been indicated.
16.1
Introduction
In this last chapter of the monograph we would be highlighting some of the ideas
related to CCs and their applications which are of relatively more recent origin and
on which some useful work has just started appearing in current literature. While
outlining the various new innovations, we would also point out some ideas for
further research as well as some open problems which appear to have remained
unattended so far. It is hoped that this exposure would provide the readers enough
motivation for further work in the area.
16.2 Pathological Representations of Various Current
Conveyors and Their Use in Systematic Circuit
Synthesis
After the introduction of CCs in 1968 and 1970, for about a decade or so, the
relation between the characterization of these elements and the well-known path-
ological elements the nullator, norator and nullor prevalent then was neither well
known nor explicitly understood and mentioned in the technical literature. How-
ever, subsequently, several researchers not only explicitly stated but also started
exploiting the equivalence of a CCII- with a three terminal nullor in the analysis and
synthesis of active networks using CCs. It was soon understood that a CCII- is a
three terminal nullor in which the junction of nullator and norator serves as the
X-terminal of the CCII, the free end of the nullator represents the terminal-Y and
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