Second Generation Miscellaneous Linear/Nonlinear Applications of Various Types of Current Conveyors - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 513

a

2

V 2

I 1 V 1

I 2

1

z
+

y x

−

y

z

x

I 3

3

I 4

V 3

V 4

4

b c

C

R

V 1 i 1

3

1 V 1 i 1

1

3

1

CCC V 2

1

i 2

CCC

2 4 2

2

2 4

V 2 i 2

R

C

d e

i 2 V 2

V 1 i 1

i 2 V 2

V 1 i 1 3

2

1

1

3

2

1

1

CCC

CCC

4

2

4

2

R 1

R

C R 2

Fig. 15.19 Realization of mutators (a) The 4-port Composite Current Conveyor (CCC) charac-
terized by v 1 ¼v 2 ,i 2 ¼ i 3 ,v 3 ¼v 3 and i 4 ¼ i 1 .(b) L-R mutator Type-1 (c) C-R mutator Type-1
(c) C-R Mutator Type-1 (d) C-R mutator Type-2 (e) L-C mutator Type-1

prominent practical element attracting worldwide attention of researchers and soon
new applications of Memristors started appearing in literature, for instance see [ 38 -
43 , 26 - 31 , 33 - 37 ]. Soon it was demonstrated that the Memcapacitance and
Meminductance are two other fundamental elements capable of possessing memory
of past dynamics.
Pershin and Ventra [ 40 ] demonstrated that meminductive and memcapacitive
elements can be emulated by employing CCs in conjunction with an available
memristor. Two circuits which can simulate floating meminductance and
memcapacitance while using four single output CCII + devices are shown here in
Fig. 15.19 . In each of the two circuits, the memristive element is characterized by
the following equations: