Second Generation Miscellaneous Linear/Nonlinear Applications of Various Types of Current Conveyors - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 493

increased to 10 m to increase I c and the base was cut into five parts to reduce base

resistance. A rigorous comparison of proposed LNA with the existing ones has been
carried out in Table 1 of [ 3 ] which demonstrates the comparative superiority of the
proposed design on the basis of several important performance criteria.

ʼ

15.4 Single-Ended to Differential Converters

Single-ended to differential converters are usually required in applications where
common mode noise needs to be minimized along with the rejection to parasitic
couplings and increased dynamic range. Typical examples are the cases when an
input signal coming out from an antenna or a sensor is normally referred to ground.
Other applications could be those of realizing fully differential filters, multipliers
and frequency mixers. A novel single-ended to differential converter using DOCCII
was proposed by Centurelli et al. [ 4 ] which is shown in Fig. 15.4a with the DOCCII
implementation shown in Fig. 15.4b .
A routine analysis of the structure of Fig. 15.4a shows that the differential output
of the circuit is given by

V in

R 2 þ R 3

V diff ¼ ð V 01 V 02 Þ ¼ ð 15 : 18 Þ

R 1

Obviously, for unity gain, one requires R 2 ¼ R 1 /2

It has been demonstrated that in this single-ended to differential converter, the
gain is fixed by only the external resistances and using rail-to-rail current con-
veyors, a rail-to rail converter may be obtained.

R 3 ¼

15.5 Precision Rectifiers Revisited

In this section we highlight some interesting precision full wave rectifiers
employing different variants of CCs from amongst the various configurations
developed by a number of researchers [ 5 - 10 ].

15.5.1 Precision Full Wave Rectifier Proposed by Koton,
Herencsar and Vrba

Koton et al. [ 5 ] introduced new precision full-wave rectifiers using current con-
veyors and universal voltage conveyors. In the following, we present two specific
topologies from their prepositions which are particularly attractive because each