Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
• 2013: Pandey et al. [
70
] proposed a current controlled differential difference
current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) and demonstrated
its suitability for designing a higher order wave active filter.
The various types of CCs have attracted so much of attention worldwide that the
total number of references on CCs and their variants as on date runs into over a
1,000. It must also be mentioned that other than two IC Current Conveyors
mentioned above, there have been two more attempts, one by LTP Electronics
and another by Maxim who have also produced fully integrated Current
Conveyor ICs.
More recently, Current Conveyors and their variants have inspired a large
number of other current mode building blocks which constitute a dominant area
of contemporary analog circuit research. This brief historical sketch gives a glimpse
of only the origin and variety of Current Conveyors introduced in the literature.
Interested readers may also refer to a number of review articles that have also
appeared in literature on the hardware implementation and applications of Current
Conveyors, for instance, see [
12
,
19
,
20
,
22
,
23
,
26
,
33
,
44
,
45
,
52
,
55
,
59
,
61
,
67
,
69
,
73
].
Concluding Remarks
A brief historical account of the invention of the Current Conveyors by Sedra
and Smith in 1968 and major developments taken place in the area of Current
Conveyors since then was provided with particular reference to their numer-
ous varieties.
The subsequent chapters of this monograph will gradually unfold details of
the various discrete implementations of the CCs using commercially avail-
able ICs, the Bipolar/CMOS-BiCMOS implementations of CCs, a large
number of the applications and numerous varieties of the CCs and their
Bipolar and CMOS implementations.
It is hoped that this brief historical account puts the contents of the
subsequent chapters in right perspective in the context of modern analog
circuit design.
References
1. Smith KC, Sedra A (1968) The current conveyor-a new circuit building block. Proc IEEE
56:1368-1369
2. Smith KC, Sedra A (1969) A new simple wide-band current-measuring device. IEEE Trans
Instrum Meas 18:125-128
3. Sedra A, Smith KC (1970) A second-generation current conveyor and its applications. IEEE
Trans Circ Theor 17:132-134
4. Smith KC, Sedra A (1970) Realization of the Chua family of new nonlinear network elements
using the current conveyor. IEEE Trans Circ Theor 17:137-139
5. Black GGA, Friedmann RT, Sedra AS (1971) Gyrator implementation with integrable current
conveyors. IEEE J Solid State Circ 6:396-399
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