Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
a
+V
CC
I
B
1
Q
1
Q
2
−
−
−
i
z1
i
z2
i
zn
i
y
+
+
+
i
x
V
x
i
z1
i
z2
i
zn
Y
X
V
y
Q
3
Q
4
I
B
−V
EE
b
i
z1+
i
z2+
i
y
Z
+
Y
V
y
Z
+
i
zn+
i
z1−
i
z2−
Z
+
MOCC
Z
−
Z
−
i
x
i
zn−
−
Z
n
X
V
x
Fig. 10.9
The MOCC (
a
) An examplary bipolar implementation (
b
) Symbolic notation
10.2.6 Multiple-Output Current Conveyor
Having a multiple output CCII (MOCC) with multitude of identical as well as
complementary outputs is particularly useful in current mode signal processing/
signal generation; see [
12
-
16
].
A MOCC can be realized from a bipolar or CMOS implementation of a CCII by
adding additional transistors and current mirrors. An exemplary bipolar MOCC is
shown in Fig.
10.9a
, where the additional part creating multiple copies can be easily
identified. Its symbolic notation is shown in Fig.
10.9b
from where a MOCC is
characterized by the following terminal equations: i
y
¼
0, v
x
¼
v
y
,i
z1+
¼
i
z2+
¼
i
z3+
¼
...
¼
i
zn+
¼¼
+i
x
and i
z1-
¼
i
z2-
¼
i
z3-
¼
...
¼
i
zn-
¼¼
i
x
.
MOCCs are particularly useful for realizing current mode universal biquad
filters and also in higher order ladder filter design based upon the simulation of
its node equations, for instance, see [
13
,
14
].
.
.
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