Hardware Reference
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a
b
Y
W
V
in
Y
W
V
out
I
out
I
in
X
Z
X
Z
R
2
R
2
R
1
R
1
c
d
R
R
I
in
X
W
V
out
X
W
Y
Z
I
out
V
in
Z
Y
e
R
I
in
I
ou
t
X
W
V
in
Z
Y
Fig. 10.5
Realization of all the basic amplifiers using OFC [
5
](
a
) Current amplifier I
out
/I
in
¼ [1+
(R
2
/R
1
)] (
b
) Voltage amplifier V
out
/V
in
¼ [1+ (R
1
/R
2
)] (
c
) Transconductance amplifier I
out
/V
in
¼1/
R(
d
) Trans impedance amplifier V
out
/I
in
¼R (e) Current conveyor i
y
¼0, V
x
¼V
in
,I
out
¼ I
in
and current measuring devices. It can be used to sense the output current flowing to
ground or to create a floating current source as shown in Fig.
10.6
.
A CCIII can be realized from two CCII+ s as per the schematic of Fig.
10.7
.
10.2.5 Differential-Difference Current Conveyor
Chiu et al. [
7
] in 1996 presented the concept of the so-called differential difference
current conveyor which is inspired by the earlier concept of differential difference
amplifiers [
8
]. A DDCC has three Y-terminals leading to V
x
¼
(V
y1
V
y2
+V
y3
) with
all Y-terminals having ideally infinite input impedance leading to i
y1
¼
0, i
y2
¼
0,
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