Varieties of Current Conveyors - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 308

10.2.1 Current Voltage Conveyor

In 1981, Filanovsky and Stromsmoe [ 1 ] introduced the Current Voltage Conveyor
(CVC) as an extension to the CCI by adding another auxiliary voltage-controlled-
voltage-source (VCVS) as the fourth port,

thereby leading to the following

characterization:

2
4

3
5 ¼

2
4

3
5

2
4

3
5

v w
v x
i y
i z

00 10 i w

i x
v y
v z

00 10

ð : Þ

10 1

0 100

0 100

Two versions of the CVC called CVC1 and CVC2 were postulated which were
shown to be useful elements for the realization of controlled sources, negative
impedance converters and other active elements. It was shown that the CVC could
be realized by the OA-OTA based synthesis as done previously for CC realization
by Senani [ 2 ]. The Filanovsky and Stromsmoe implementation of the CVC from [ 1 ]
is shown in Fig. 10.1 .
This circuit can realize a CVCI subject to the conditions GR 2 ¼ 1

with R 4 open circuited. It can be readily seen that an appropriate change of
polarities of two OTAs will result in the realization of various controlled sources.
It was also demonstrated by Filanovsky and Stromsmoe [ 1 ] that the CVC can
realize a variety of CCs as special cases, namely: CVC-I by including ports 1, 2,
3, 4; CCI by including ports 1, 2, 3; CCII by including ports 2, 3; VC-I by including
ports 1, 3, 4; VC-II by including ports 1, 4 and CVC-II by including ports 2, 4.
Subsequently, Dostal and Pospisil [ 3 ] systematically demonstrated that a variety
of new voltage conveyors are basically special cases of a family of three port
immittance converters.

1 and GR 1 ¼

10.2.2 Generalized Current Conveyor

The generalized current conveyor (GCC) was defined by Senani [ 4 ] in 1984 as a
grounded three-port active building block characterized by the hybrid matrix:

2
4

3
5 ¼

2
4

3
5

2
4

3
5

i y
v x
i z

0 h 12 0
h 21 00
0

v y
i x
v z

ð 10 : 2 Þ

h 32 0

where the hybrid parameters involved may be either positive or negative. Two
possible implementations of this building block are shown in Fig. 10.2 .
It was shown that a GCC characterized by h 12 < 1in

conjunction with an active-RC network derived from a given grounded immittance

0, h 32 < 0 and h 21 ¼