Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
+V
DD
1
2
M
p1
M
p2
M
p3
M
p4
I
z
Z
M
n1
I
x
M
n4
Y
M
n3
X
M
n2
I
0
I
0
−V
SS
Fig. 9.58 A CMOS CCCII using balanced differential structure [
3
]
resistance of 2.75 K
. An approximate expression for the input resistance R
x
as a
function of the DC bias current I
0
is given by:
ʩ
1
R
x
I
p
ʼ
n
C
ox
W
D
ð
9
:
82
Þ
L
D
where W
D
/L
D
is the aspect ratio of the two identical and MOS differential pair
transistors. This study reveals that the balanced differential pair CCCII is a good
element when almost unity and wideband current and voltage transfer gains are of
interest.
More recently, CMOS current controlled fully balanced current conveyor archi-
tecture was proposed by Chunhua et al. [
4
] whereas a CMOS-based circuit of
DO-CCCII using 65 nm CMOS technology was introduced by Abbas et al. [
5
].
Concluding Remarks
Although traditionally operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) or
CMOS transconductors with controllable transconductance values have
been the main elements for designing electronically-controllable analog
circuits, during the past 15 years, the so-called Current-Controlled Current
Conveyors (CCCIIs) have also attracted considerable attention in devising
various electronically-controllable linear as well as nonlinear functions. This
chapter has presented some of the prominent works done in this area. From a
comprehensive survey of references, it has been revealed that the work on the
(continued)
Search WWH ::
Custom Search