Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
a
L
1
L
3
L
5
R
s
V
out
−
V
in
L
2
L
4
R
L
C
2
C
4
b
R
1
R
3
R
5
I
out
I
in
R
4
C
L
R
2
C
s
D
4
D
2
c
I
0R5
I
0R1
I
0R3
I
out
−
Z
−
−
Z
X
X
Z
X
Z
Y
Y
C
s
Y
C
L
I
in
I
0D2
I
0R4
I
0D4
I
0R2
−
+
+
−
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
Z
X
X
X
Y
X
Y
C
D22
C
D41
C
D21
C
D42
Fig. 9.34 CM ladder type fifth order electric filter using CCCIIs [
31
](a) LC prototype (b) FDNR
version (c) Complete CCCIIs based circuit implementation
The technique presented by them is based upon simulating the signal flow graph
(SFG) of each branch current from passive filter prototype. In a passive ladder the
various elements can be broadly classified into four distinct categories (i) single
passive element which could be a shunt capacitance or a floating inductance which
are characterized by similar equations or a shunt inductor and a series capacitor
which also have similar characterizations (ii) single shunt element with a source or
load resistor or a single series element with source or load resistor (iii) double
passive elements such as shunt parallel LC, shunt series LC, series LC in series arm
and parallel LC in series arm (iv) double passive elements with source of load
resistor which can have four possible forms, a shunt resistor in parallel with in shunt
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