Second Generation Controlled Current Conveyors (CCCII) and Their Applications - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 267

a

I B1 I B3

X X

I 2

V 1

I 1

1

R 5 3

Z

1

Z

1

V 2

Y

Y

CCCII−

CCCII−

I B2 I B4

Z

Z

C

C

Y 4

2

Y

X X

CCCII+

CCCII+

b

sL 1 sL 2

I 1 I 2

+ +

V 2

V 1

sM

− −

Fig. 9.24 A tunable synthetic transformer [ 21 ](a) the circuit (b) its equivalent

9.8 Electronically-Controllable Multifunction Voltage
Mode Biquad

Whereas a majority of works have dealt with CM biquads, a number of voltage-
mode biquads using CCCIIs have also been advanced by various researchers. We
now show a very compact circuit, realizable with only two CCCIIs along with a
minimum number of capacitors, as proposed by Parveen et al. [ 22 ]. This circuit is
shown in Fig. 9.25 and can realize all the five standard filter functions by taking
different conditions/relationship between the various inputs applied to the circuit as
shown in Fig. 9.25 .
An analysis of this circuit reveals that the output voltage of this circuit is given
by:

s 2 V 4 þ

1 1 1 V 1

R x 1 R x 2 C 1 C 2

s

R x 2 C 2 V 3 R x 2 C 2 V 2 þ C 2 R x 1 V 1

þ

V 0 ¼ ð 9 : 26 Þ

s 2

1 1

R x 1 R x 2 C 1 C 2

þ s

C 2 R x 1 þ