Second Generation Controlled Current Conveyors (CCCII) and Their Applications - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 260

Fig. 9.16 Instrumentation
amplifier proposed by Ercan
et al. [ 14 ]

CCCII 1

V 1 Y 1

Z 1 V 0

I d2

X 1 I d1

M 1

V c

M 2

X 2

Z 2

Y 2

V 2

CCCII 2

It may also be seen that while the voltage gain of the circuit is controllable by
R A /2R x and therefore, it can be controlled by the external DC bias current I B of the
two CCCIIs and/or by the DC control voltage V c of the MOSFET M 2 .
The SPICE simulation results of the circuit, using the parameters of 0.35 μ m

TSMC CMOS technology, with CCCII biased from 3.3 V DC power supplies

have exhibited a CMRR as high as 142 dB, a bandwidth of 70 MHz for a gain of
45 with total power dissipation as low as 519

W. This instrumentation amplifier
appears to be particularly useful as a part of many sensitive bio-medical applica-
tions that specifically require a high CMRR.

μ

9.7 Electronically-Tunable Grounded/Floating Synthetic
Impedances and Related Circuits

Since electronically-controlled resistances with both positive and negative values,
in grounded as well as floating forms, are realizable by CCCIIs, it is natural to think
about realizing various other kinds of impedances with the feature of electronic-
tunability using CCCIIs. In this section, we include some prominent works done in
this direction.
Kiranon and Pawarangkoon in [ 15 ] presented a four CCCII+ based floating
inductance simulation circuit which employs no more than two resistors and a
grounded capacitor to simulate a lossless floating inductance of value L eq ¼

CR 1 R 2 .
Since both the resistors were connected between X-terminals of the two CCCII+ s,
they can be easily replaced and in their place the intrinsic input resistances R x of the
CCCIIs could be considered. Replacing one resistor at a time Kiranon and