Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
X
21
Y
X
11
Y
Y
11
=Y
21
Z
Y
11
=Y
21
-
Z
+
X
X
11
X
X
21
C
a
C
a
R
a
R
a
Fig. 6.44 CC-based realisations of Eq (
6.64
)
X
1n
Y
Y
Y
1n
=V
0
Z
+
Y
1n
=V
0
Z
-
X
X
C
a
X
1n
C
a
R
a
R
a
2R
a
Fig. 6.45 CC-based realisations of Eq (
6.65
)
X
1n
Y
Y
Y
1n
=V
0
Z
+
Z
Y
1n
=V
0
-
X
X
C
a
X
1n
C
a
R
b
R
a
R
a
+R
b
Fig. 6.46 CC-based realisations of Eq. (
6.66
)
R
a
R
L
+
-
L
2
C
2
C
1
E
V
0
V
0
C
a1
C
a2
C
a3
R
a
z
z
z
2R
a
+
y
+
y +
x
y
x
x
E
1
1
R
a
R
a
Fig. 6.47 The 3rd-order LC prototype filter and the corresponding CCII-based filter [
39
]
The practical workability of the filter designed through the approach briefly
presented above has been verified by hardware implementations using AD844 to
realize CCIIs.
Anday and Gunes method based upon signal flow graph: Another method of
realization of nth-order transfer functions employing CCs was proposed by Anday
and Gunes in [
40
] using signal flow graph technique. Figure
6.48
(a) shows the
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