Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
R
1
C
2
s
Ds
s
2
þ
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
1
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
Ds
V
01
V
in
¼
,
V
02
and
V
03
V
in
¼
V
in
¼
Ds
ðÞ
ðÞ
ðÞ
R
3
C
2
R
1
R
2
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
s
2
where
Ds
ðÞ
¼
þ
s
þ
ð
6
:
19
Þ
Thus, it is seen that an inverting BPF and non-inverting LPF and notch filter are
realizable by this circuit.
For the circuit of Fig.
6.12
, the various transfer functions of interest are given by:
C
2
R
1
Ds
R
1
Ds
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
4
1
s
2
R
3
s
V
01
V
in
¼
,
V
02
and
V
03
V
in
¼
V
in
¼
Ds
ðÞ
ðÞ
ðÞ
R
3
C
2
R
1
R
2
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
4
s
2
where
Ds
ðÞ
¼
þ
s
þ
ð
6
:
20
Þ
Thus, LPF, BPF and HPF are realizable from this circuit.
Finally, the various transfer functions for the circuit of Fig.
6.13
are given by
C
1
R
2
R
4
V
in
1
s
2
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
sR
3
þ
þ
V
in
2
V
01
¼
ð
6
:
21
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
C
1
R
4
V
in
2
s
ð
V
in
1
Þ
V
02
¼
ð
6
:
22
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
V
in
2
1
C
1
C
2
R
2
R
4
ð
V
in
1
Þ
V
03
¼
ð
6
:
23
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
R
3
C
1
R
2
R
4
1
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
s
2
where
Ds
ðÞ
¼
þ
s
þ
ð
6
:
24
Þ
Thus, the filters realizable by this circuit are BPF, notch and all pass (if V
in1
¼
V
in
and V
in2
¼
V
in
).
Good agreement has been obtained between the theory and the experimental
results of the circuits when they were experimentally tested with CCII+ realized by
one AD844 and CCII
realized by two AD844s.
6.2.3.3 Multi-Input-Single-Output (MISO)-Type VM Universal
Biquads
In this sub-section, we present a number of interesting MISO-type VM biquads
from amongst those known in literature [
12
-
20
,
133
,
138
].
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