Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
R 1 C 2 s
Ds
s 2
þ
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2
1
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2
Ds
V 01
V in ¼
, V 02
and V 03
V in ¼
V in ¼
Ds
ðÞ
ðÞ
ðÞ
R 3
C 2 R 1 R 2
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2
s 2
where Ds
ðÞ ¼
þ
s
þ
ð
6
:
19
Þ
Thus, it is seen that an inverting BPF and non-inverting LPF and notch filter are
realizable by this circuit.
For the circuit of Fig. 6.12 , the various transfer functions of interest are given by:
C 2 R 1
Ds
R 1
Ds
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 4
1
s 2 R 3
s
V 01
V in ¼
, V 02
and V 03
V in ¼
V in ¼
Ds
ðÞ
ðÞ
ðÞ
R 3
C 2 R 1 R 2
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 4
s 2
where Ds
ðÞ ¼
þ
s
þ
ð 6 : 20 Þ
Thus, LPF, BPF and HPF are realizable from this circuit.
Finally, the various transfer functions for the circuit of Fig. 6.13 are given by
C 1 R 2 R 4
V in 1 s 2
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2
sR 3
þ
þ
V in 2
V 01 ¼
ð
6
:
21
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
C 1 R 4 V in 2
s
ð
V in 1
Þ
V 02 ¼
ð
6
:
22
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
V in 2
1
C 1 C 2 R 2 R 4
ð
V in 1
Þ
V 03 ¼
ð
6
:
23
Þ
Ds
ðÞ
R 3
C 1 R 2 R 4
1
C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2
s 2
where Ds
ðÞ ¼
þ
s
þ
ð
6
:
24
Þ
Thus, the filters realizable by this circuit are BPF, notch and all pass (if V in1 ¼
V in
and V in2 ¼
V in ).
Good agreement has been obtained between the theory and the experimental
results of the circuits when they were experimentally tested with CCII+ realized by
one AD844 and CCII
realized by two AD844s.
6.2.3.3 Multi-Input-Single-Output (MISO)-Type VM Universal
Biquads
In this sub-section, we present a number of interesting MISO-type VM biquads
from amongst those known in literature [ 12 - 20 , 133 , 138 ].
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