Basic Analog Circuit Building Blocks Using CCs and Application of CCs in Impedance Synthesis - Current Conveyors: Variants, Applications and Hardware Implementations - page 119

I 1

CCa

V 1 y

+

z

+

x

A 1

-

I 2

C 1

R 2

R 1

V 2

+

A 2

CCb

-

x
y

+ z

Fig. 5.43 A floating bidirectional inductor proposed by Maundy et al. [ 122 ]

Fig. 5.44 An
electronically-controllable
floating lossless inductance
using combination of CCII+
and OTA proposed by
Higashimura and Fukui [ 62 ]

CCII+

y
x

1 z

+

g m

R 1

-

C

CCII+

x
y

2 z

5.3.9 Novel FI Circuits Using CCII-Nullor Equivalence

In view of the methods and circuits discussed earlier it is clear that lossy/non-ideal
inductors and FDNRs can be realized with a smaller number of CCs than their ideal
counterparts and many such circuits are known in literature, for instance, see [ 13 ,
14 , 20 , 24 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 39 , 45 , 49 , 115 , 138 ], however, in the following we present a
novel nullor-based methodology which can generate such circuits in a systematic
manner.
The equivalence between a CCII and three-terminal floating nullor was

employed by Senani in [ 56 ] to generate a class of new FI structures providing
single resistance tunability of the realized floating inductance value while
employing only two CCII-s along with a bare minimum of only three passive
components, namely,

two resistors and a capacitor. Subsequently, the nullor

approach has also been used by other researchers as in [ 57 , 74 , 76 ].
The starting point of the derivation of the circuits presented by Senani [ 56 ] are
the two nullor models shown in Fig. 5.45 which simulate a parallel RL and series