Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.17 The generalized
non-linear function
generator proposed by
Sedra and Smith (See
reference [3] of Chap.
1
)
i
1
CCII±
y
z
x
D
1
R
1
i
2
CCII±
R
0
CCII+
I
0
y
x
z
y
z
x
D
2
R
2
D
0
i
n
CCII±
y
z
x
D
n
R
n
From this generalized configuration, a number of interesting functions can be
obtained by judicious choice of the number and polarity of the current conveyors,
for instance, choosing n
1, the resulting circuit,
consisting of four current conveyors, will yield the following equation:
¼
3, m
1
¼
+1,m
2
¼
+ 1 and m
3
¼
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
0
¼
ð
5
:
25
Þ
and thus, the realization of a current mode multiplier/divider has been achieved.
5.3 Methods and Circuits for Simulating Inductors,
FDNRs and Related Elements
Among many other applications of CCs evolved so far, their use in simulating
inductors, FDNRs and related elements has been one of the most prominent and
significant one due to the fact that the type of circuits for realizing these elements as
possible with CCs have never been possible to be made from other prevalent building
blocks most notably the ubiquitous IC op-amp. In view of this, before embarking upon
CC-based impedance simulation networks, it appears necessary to take a quick viewof
a number of popular op-amp-based impedance simulation networks such as those in
[
1
-
3
,
6
-
8
,
11
,
23
,
46
,
60
] and in the references cited therein to be able to appreciate the
advantages of CC-based circuits in the right perspective.
In Fig.
5.18
we display some popular op-amp-based inductance/general imped-
ance simulation networks. The circuit of Fig.
5.18a
shows how a lossless grounded
inductor (GI) based upon the gyrator method can be simulated from two op-amps
whereas the circuit of Fig.
5.18b
shows how the Antoniou
s generalized impedance
convertor (GIC) made from two op-amps and five impedances can realize a lossless
'
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