Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Constraints
The second half of the optimizing situation is occupied by those factors that place obstacles in the way
of goal attainment. We assume that it is desirable to have unlimited amounts of psychological
enjoyment, pro
ts, and local economic impacts. But that is not possible because something always
gets in the way. Tourism, being extremely broad and diverse, must deal with a large number of
constraints. To make an analysis of relationships, it will be necessary to classify them.
Demand
Every
firm providing goods and services to tourists is constrained by the
demand
functions of its
customers. These relate quantity purchased to price, wealth, and income.
Supply of Attractive Resources
Possibly one of the most important constraints faced by the industry as a whole is the limited
amount of resources available for tourist enjoyment. This is particularly true when geographic
distribution of these sites is considered. Some areas are simply better attractions for tourists than
others are.
Technical and Environmental Constraints
Each particular site or situation has certain technical and environmental constraints. They involve such
things as the relationship between sewage ef
uent disposal and the environment, numbers of
sh and
numbers of
fishermen, number of people who can walk in a given area without causing unacceptable
damage, number of elephants supportable on a wildlife range, impact on lions
'
behavior of tourists
observing them from a car, number of campsites possible in a given area without harming the
environment, and so on.
Time Constraints
The amount of vacation time available limits what the vacationer can do. The length of the tourist
season in
uences pro
tability of tourist-oriented businesses and the impact of tourist expenditures on
the local economy.
Indivisibilities
Many times it is necessary to deal either with all of something or with nothing. It is not possible to
y
half an airplane, even though the seats are only half
filled. It may not be pro
table to build a hotel
under a given size. A road has to be built all the way from one point to another.
Legal Constraints
Several types of legal constraints affect tourism. Activities of the government tourist bureau might be
one. Laws concerning environmental problems could be another. Zoning and building codes in
uence
the construction of facilities. Laws concerning contractual relations may limit activities.
Self-Imposed Constraints
Con
icting goals need to be reconciled, which leads to self-imposed constraints. The con
icts may
arise within a
rm or among
firms, government agencies, and so on, that are seeking to develop a
particular area or concept.
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