Tourism in Perspective - Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies - page 8

Residents Visitors

Nontravelers Travelers

Within scope of
travel and tourism

Other
travelers

Commuters

International Domestic

Other local
travelers (3)

Intercontinental Continental Interregional Regional

Crews

Students (4)

Staying one or
more nights (1)

Same-day (2)

Migrants (5)

Temporary
workers

Primary purposes of travel

Visiting friends or
relatives (VFR)

Other personal
business

Business Pleasure

Primary activities:
￿ Consultations
￿ Conventions
￿ Inspections
Secondary activities:
￿ Dining out
￿ Recreation
￿ Shopping
￿ Sightseeing
￿ VFR

Primary activities:
￿ Socializing
￿ Dining in
￿ Home entertainment
Secondary activities:
￿ Dining out
￿ Physical recreation
￿ Shopping
￿ Sightseeing
￿ Urban entertainment

Primary activities:
￿ Shopping
￿ Visiting lawyer
￿ Medical appointment
Secondary activities:
￿ Dining out
￿ VFR

Primary activities:
￿ Recreation
￿ Sightseeing
￿ Dining out
Secondary activities:
￿ VFR
￿ Convention
￿ Business
￿ Shopping

(1) Tourists in international technical definitions.

(2) Excursionists in international technical definitions.

(3) Travelers whose trips are shorter than those that qualify for travel and tourism: e.g., under 50 miles (80 km)

from home.

(4) Students traveling between home and school only—other travel of students is within scope of travel and

tourism.

(5) All persons moving to a new place of residence, including all one-way travelers, such as emigrants, immigrants,

refugees, domestic migrants, and nomads.

Figure 1.1 Classi cation of travelers.

Of those travelers directly within the scope of travel and tourism, basic distinctions are made
among those whose trips are completed within one day. The same-day visitors are also called day-
trippers and excursionists because they stay less than 24 hours. Although they are important
travelers, their economic signi cance pales in comparison to travelers who stay one or more nights.
An additional meaningful division can also be made between those international travelers whose
travel is between continents and those whose international travel is con ned to countries within
the same continent. In the case of the United States, the distinction is between (1) trips to or from the
neighboring countries of Canada and Mexico or elsewhere in the Americas and (2) trips made to or
from countries in Europe or on other continents.
The purposes of travel identi ed in Figure 1.1 go beyond those traditionally accepted because of the
growing evidence that

'' visits to friends and relatives '' (VFR) is a basic travel motivation and a

distinctive factor in marketing , accounting for a major proportion of travel. In any event, '' primary