References - Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing - page 511

Drinkwater, M. R., R. Hosseinmostafa, and S. P. Gogineni
(1995), C‐band backscatter measurements of winter sea ice
in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Int. J. Remote Sens. , 16 ,
3365-3389.
Drobot, S. D. and M. R. Anderson (2001), An improved method
for determining snowmelt onset dates over Arctic sea ice
using scanning multichannel microwave radiometer and
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager data, J. Geophys. Res. , 106 ,
24,033-24,049.
Drost‐Hansen, W. (1967), The water‐ice interface as seen from
the liquid side, J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 25 (2), 131-160.
Drucker, R., S. Martin, and R. Moritz (2003), Observations of
ice thickness and frazil ice in the St. Lawrence Island polynya
from satellite imagery, upward looking sonar and salinity/
temperature moorings, J. Geophys. Res ., 108 (C5), 3149,
doi:10.1029/2001JC001213.
Du, J., J. Shi, and H. Rott (2010), Comparison between a multi‐
scattering and multi‐layer snow scattering model and its char-
acterized snow backscattering model, Remote Sens. Environ. ,
114 (5), 1089-1098.
Duhl, D. N. (1987), Directionally solidified superalloys, in
Superalloys II, ed., Sims, C. T., Stoloff, N. S., and Hagel, W. C.,
Chapter 7, John Wiley, New York, 189-214.
Dunbar, M. J. (1969), The geophysical position of the North
Water, Arctic , 22 , 438-441.
Dumont, D., A. Kohout, and L Bertino (2011), A wave‐based
model for the marginal ice zone including a floe breaking
parameterization, J. Geophys. Res. , 116 (C4), doi:10.1029/
2010JC00682.
Durand, M., E. J. Kim, and S. A. Margulis (2009), Radiance
assimilation shows promise for snowpack characterization,
Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36 , L02503, doi:10.1029/2008GL035214.
Dybbroe, A., K.‐G. Karlsson, and A. Thoss (2005), SAFNWC
AVHRR cloud detection and analysis using dynamic thresh-
olds and radiative transfer modeling. Part I: Algorithm
description, J. Appl. Meteorol. , 44 (1), 39-54.
Early, D. S. and D. G. Long (2001), Image reconstruction and
enhanced resolution imaging from irregular samples, IEEE
Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , 39 (2) 291-302.
Ebert, E. E. and J. A. Curry (1993), An Intermediate one‐
dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating
ice‐atmosphere interaction, J. Geophys. Res. , 98 (C6), 10,
085-10,109.
Edgar, L. A. and S. F. Ackley (1981), On the differences in abla-
tion seasons of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, J. Atmos. Sci. ,
39 , 440-447.
Ehlert, I. (2012), On the evolution of first‐year sea ice, Rep. on
Earth Syst. Sci. 122-2012, Max Planck Inst. for Meteorol.,
Hamburg, Germany.
Eicken, H. (1993), Automated image analysis of ice thin
sections—Instrumentation, methods and extraction of stere-
ological and textural parameters, J. Glaciol. , 39 , 341-352.
Eicken, H. and M. A. Lange (1991), Image analysis of sea ice
thin sections: A step towards automated texture classifica-
tion, Ann. Glaciol. , 15 , 204-209.
Eicken, H., M. Lensu, M. Leppäranta, W. B. Tucker III, A. J.
Gow, and and O. Salmela (1995), Thickness, structure and
properties of level summer multiyear ice in the Eurasian sec-
tor of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res. , 100 , 22697-22710.

Eicken, H., H. R. Krouse, D. Kadko, and D. K. Perovich (2002),
Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport
through Arctic summer sea ice, J. Geophys. Res. , 107 (C10),
8046, doi:10.1029/2006GL026290.
Eicken, H., T. C. Grenfell, D. K. Perovich, J. A. Richter‐Menge,
and K. Frey (2004), Hydraulic controls of summer Arctic
pack ice albedo, J. Geophys. Res. , 109 , C08007, doi:10.1029/
2003JC001989.
Eide L. I. and S. Martin (1975) The formation of brine drainage
features in young sea ice, J. Glaciol. , 14 (70), 137-154
Eisen, O. and C. Kottmeier (2000), On the importance of leads
in sea ice to the energy balance and ice formation in the
Weddle Sea, J. Geophys. Res. , 105 (C6), 14,045-14,060.
Elachi, C. (1988), Spaceborne Radar Remote Sensing:
Applications and Techniques , IEEE Press, New York.
Elachi, C. and J. J. van Zyl (2006), Introduction to the Physics and
Techniques of Remote Sensing , 2nd ed., Wiley Hoboken, N. J.
Elbaum, C. (1959), Substructures ib crystals grown from the
melt, Progress in Metal Physics , vol. 8, pp. 203-253, Elsevier,
Pergamon, London.
Ellison, W. J., S. J. English, K. Lamkaouchi, A. Balana,
E. Obligis, G. Deblonde, T. J. Hewison, P. Bauer, G. Kelly,
and L. Eymard (2003), A comparison of ocean emissivity
model using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, the
Special Sensor Microwave Imager, the TRMM Microwave
Imager and airborne radiometer observations, J. Geophy.
Res. , 108 (D21, 4663, doi:10.1029/2002JD003213.
Emery, W. J., C. W. Fowler, J. Hawkins, and R. H. Preller (1991),
Fram Strait satellite image‐derived ice motions, J. Geophys.
Res. , 96 (C3), 4751-4768.
Eppler, D. T., et al. (1992), Passive microwave signatures of sea ice,
in Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice , edited by F. Carsey,
pp. 47-71, Geophys. Monogr. 68 , AGU, Washington, D.C.
Eriksson, L. E. B., K. Borenäs, W. Dierking, A. Berg, M. Santoro,
P. Pemberton, H. Lindh, and B. Karlson (2010), Evaluation of
new spaceborne SAR sensors for sea‐ice monitoring in the
Baltic Sea, Can. J. Remote Sens. , 36 (Suppl. 1) S56‐S73.
ESA (1998), Further achievements of the ERS missions, ESA
Publ. SP‐1228, Eur. Space Agency Pub. Div., ESTEC,
Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Evans, S. (1965), Dielectric properties of ice and snow — A
review, J. Glaciol. , 5 (42), 773-791.
Ezraty, R. and A. Cavanié (1999), Intercomparison of backscat-
ter maps over Arctic sea ice from NSCAT and the ERS scat-
terometer, J. Geophys. res. , 104 (C5), 11,471-11,483
Falkingham, M. C. (1991), Operational remote sensing of sea
ice, Arctic , 44 (1), 29-37.
Farrell, S. L., S. W. Laxon, D. C. McAdoo, D. Yi, and H. J.
Zwally (2009) Five years of Arctic sea ice freeboard measure-
ments from the ice, cloud and land elevation satellite,
J. Geophys. Res. , 114 , C04008.
Feltham, D. L. (2008), Sea ice rheology, Annu. Revi. Fluid
Mech. , 40 , 91-112.
Fetterer, F. M., D. Gineris, and R. Kwok (1994), Sea ice type
maps from Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility imagery:
An assessment, J. Geophys. Res. , 99 (C11), 22,443-22,458.
Fily, M. and D. A. Rothrock (1987), Sea ice tracking by nested
correlations, IEEE. Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , GE‐25 (5),
570-580.