Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
80
60
40
20
Ice-snow interface
00
-
20
-
40
12 Dec. 96
19 Dec. 96
25 Dec. 97
2 Jan. 97
9 Jan. 97
-
60
-
80
-
100
-
46
-
44
-
42
-
40
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38
-
36
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34
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32
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30
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28
-
26
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24
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22
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20
-
18
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16
-
14
-
12
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10
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08
-
06
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04
-
02
00
Temperature (°C)
80
60
40
20
Ice-snow interface
00
-
20
-
40
19 Jan. 97
26 Jan. 97
4 Feb. 97
11 Feb. 97
19 Feb. 97
-
60
-
80
-
100
-
46
-
44
-
42
-
40
-
38
-
36
-
34
-
32
-
30
-
28
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26
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24
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22
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20
-
18
-
16
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14
-
12
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10
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08
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06
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04
-
02
00
Temperature (°C)
Figure 3.3
Temperature profiles in snow‐covered first‐year (FY) ice in Mould Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada.
Ice thickness grew from 0.12 m on 17 December, 1996 to 1.31 m on 26 February, 1997. Snow depth was virtually
constant around 0.50 m. (M. Shokr, unpublished).
Another example of ice temperature data is presented
in
Perovich et al.
[1997]. This is a 15 month record of the
atmosphere, ice, and ocean temperatures collected using
a vertical array of thermistors inserted in a MY ice floe
in the Beaufort Sea from late September 1993 to late
November 1994. The top and the bottom of the array
were exposed to the air and ocean, respectively. A data‐
logging system was used to collect the data autonomously.
The data are presented in Figure 3.5. The annual cycle of
air temperature is evident in the top graph. Contours of
the ice temperature are plotted in the bottom graph. The
bulk of the ice has temperatures between −6 and −12 °C
during the winter and −2 °C during the summer. Note the
ice accretion at the bottom of the ice from January to
May (around 40 cm) and the intensive ablation from the
top and the bottom of the ice from June throughout
August. About 0.5 m of ice thickness melted.
3.2. Bulk saliniTy and saliniTy profile
Salinity is another key characteristic of sea ice types.
It plays a central role in determining the thermal, mechan-
ical, electrical, and radiometric properties of sea ice.
For that reason, understanding its evolution and
