Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
COOH
COOH
Dil
DMF/H
2
O
Solvent diffusion
method
HOOC
Fe
COOH
Fe
HOOC
COOH
COOH
COOH
2
1
Carbodiimide
chemistry
Propargyl amine
EDC/NHS
N
N
N
Folate
Click chemistry
Folate ~ N
3
(7)
N
N
Folate
Fe
Fe
N
N
Dil
DMF/H
2
O
N
N
Folate
3
N
Folate
N
Click chemistry
Folate ~ N
3
(7)
Dil + Paclitaxel
DMF/H
2
O
4
Encapsulated
taxol
N
N
Folate
N N
N
N
Folate
Fe
Encapsulated
NIR dyes
N
N
N
N
N
N
Folate
Folate
5
figure 15.3
schematic representation of the synthesis of theranostics and multimodal
ionps. Click chemistry and carbodiimide chemistry have been used for the synthesis of a
library of functional ionps. nir dyes and paclitaxel-coencapsulated ionps were prepared in
water. (reprinted from ref. [7]. © Wiley.)
as a platform whose surface can be easily loaded with non-Mri signaling moieties.
For example, it is possible to attach nir fluorescent dyes onto ionps for Mri and
nir fluorescence bimodal imaging [11]. similarly, coupling
64
Cu- or
111
in-chelated
DoTa to ionps will allow for Mri/peT or Mri/speCT imaging [12]. attaching
multiple types of imaging moieties to ionps will also make multimodal imaging
possible, such as Mri/peT/nir fluorescence trimodal imaging [13].
Drug molecules can be loaded to ionp platforms through covalent coupling
to the surface functional groups or physical absorption into porous iron oxide
nanostructures [11, 14]. similar to the approach of attaching signaling moieties to
the surface of ionps, drug molecules with appropriate functional groups can be
covalently coupled to ionps. The release of drug molecules is usually triggered
by an acidic environment or enzymes. For example, Kohler
et al
. attached a cancer
drug, methotrexate (MTX), to the surface of superparamagnetic ionp through amide
coupling. The amide bond was cleaved in the lysosomal compartment with low ph
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