Biomedical Engineering Reference
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around 1933 versus aqueous suspensions 50-200 mg weekly. When the plasma
fibrinogen, estimated monthly, fell below 450 mg/100 ml on three consecutive occa-
sions, a maintenance dose of 50 mg every second week was given. Results were
assessed after 2 years' treatment. Consequently, this study showed no toxicity after
200 mg of weekly injections for 2 years.
Reference [58] presents an 18-month study rheumatology drug monitoring clinic.
The normal dose regimen consisted of 50 mg weekly for 20 weeks, 50 mg fortnightly
for 20 weeks, and then 50 mg monthly. Sixteen cases of either a pityriasiform or
discoid eczematous rash occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving
treatment with gold (sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin) were studied. The
results suggest that this is a dose-related, not allergic, reaction to gold. The
development of this rash is not an absolute indication to stop treatment with gold.
Control can often be affected with potent topical steroids or a reduction in the dose
or frequency of treatment with gold. If the rash had been allergic in nature, its
difference would be expected that the eruption would continue as long as treatment
with gold is given. In seven patients, however, the rash was controlled with topical
treatment without a gold dose, and in a further three patients, the rash that was
present in both patients was controlled by a reduction in dose or the frequency of
gold treatment.
In the study described in Reference [59], 65 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
attending 2 rheumatology clinics were compared with 51 control subjects matched
by age and sex. The controls consisted of 20 healthy subjects, 16 patients with oste-
oarthritis, and 15 with nonarticular rheumatism. drug therapies of patients in the
study varied: NSAIds, gold, penicillamine, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxy-
chloroquine, and azathioprine. From this research, one could not conclude from
results if microalbuminuria, noted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is solely a
drug-induced side effect.
12.4.2
current uses of PeG in Biomedical applications
Polymer (PeG) passivates surface to reduce reactive surface area providing long-term
circulation and organ detargeting (Fig. 12.14).
Only use gold photothermal properties, not reactive surface
area properties
Highly reactive surface
used to reduce pain caused
by rheumatoid arthritis
Traditional gold salt
FiGure 12.14
Comparing PeGylated nanorods to conventional citrate-stabilized spherical
gold nanoparticles.
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