Nanoparticles for Bioimaging: Analytical Characterization and Measurements - Nanotechnology for Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics - page 148

taBle 6.1 imaging Nanoparticles characteristics and most common analytical methods

Particle and
hydrodynamic size

Elemental analysis
and composition

Reporting
activity

Quality
control

Method abbreviation Concentration Surface charge Shape

Inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry

ICP-MS +++ +++ +

Inductively coupled plasma
optical emission spectrometry

ICP-oES +++

Energy-dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy

EDS +++

Transmission electron
microscopy

TEM +++

Scanning electron microscopy SEM +++

Dynamic light scattering DlS +++

Zeta potential +++ +

Steady-state absorption +++ +++ +++

Steady-state emission +++ +++ +++

fluorescence anisotropy ++ + +

fluorescence lifetime f lT ++

fluorescence correlation
spectroscopy

fCS +++ ++

flow cytometry + +

Chromatography +++

Raman spectroscopy ++

fourier transform near-infrared
spectroscopy

fT-NIR ++

Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR + +++ ++ +

Quartz crystal microbalances +

Electrophoresis, gel, and
capillary

+ ++ + +++

Radiography +++ +++

+++Highly applicable; ++applicable; +occasionally used.