Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The Raman spectra of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium
hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide (standard samples) are given in Figure 7.4,
and their peak positioning is tabulated in Table  7.1. Similarly, the Raman
spectra of deproteinated human bone, hydroxyapatite, synthetic hydroxy-
apatite, calcium carbonate are given in Figure  7.5 for comparison. All the
standard samples were Raman scatterers and the resultant spectra showed
very good signal-to-noise ratios, with very little fluorescence.
The results showed that the samples from human and sheep bone were
very closely matched in terms of their composition (Figures 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3
and Table 7.1). The results of Walters et al. [12] on an ox femur and Gevorkyan
et  al. [13] on a human femur support this finding, with all of the spectra
showing many shared peaks.
Isolation of the mineral phase of the bone tissue was achieved using
anhydrous hydrazine. Termine et a1. [16] reported an 85% decrease in protein
(E)
(D)
(C)
(B)
(A)
1410
1260
1110
960
810
Wavenumber
660
510
360
210
60
Figure 7.4
Raman spectra of commercial synthetic hydroxyapatite (A), calcium phosphate (B), calcium
carbonate (C), calcium hydroxide (D), and sodium hydroxide (E). (With permission.)
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