Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.18
Blue : Normal
Red : DCIS-HNG
Black : IDC Grade III
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Figure 5.9 (See colour insert.)
FTIR spectra of normal, DCIS (HNG), and IDC (GIII) breast tissues.
0.55
0.50
Black : Grade I
Blue : Grade II
Red : Grade III
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
Figure 5.10 (See colour insert.)
FTIR spectra of different IDC grades.
In summary, the spectral data reveal the presence of DNA, proteins, lip-
ids, and fatty acids. Spectral bands in the region of 1700 to 900 cm −1 arise
from biochemical groups (such as C=O, CH 2 , CH 3 , C-O-C, and O-P-O)
or linkages, belonging to phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, collagen,
and amino acids, and an overall shift of peaks is observed in the finger-
print region (1700 to 800 cm −1 ). Differences in the intensity and position-
ing of peaks in the spectra may be attributed to the compositional changes
between normal and cancerous tissue (Figure 5.12 A, B, and C). The increase
in intensity of the C-H peaks (3000-2800 cm −1 ) [31,36,37] may be attributed
to the increase in lipids, proteins, and DNA. Similarly, increase in intensity
and shifting of peaks in the area of 1700 to 1500 cm −1 (peaks of amide I and II
absorption) [20,28,29] confirm the changes in the chemical composition and
protein structure of the normal tissue.
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